作为一种有趣的癌症免疫疗法方法，癌症疫苗已经被开发用于将肿瘤抗原和佐剂传递给抗原提呈细胞（APCs）。虽然安全性和易于生产的优势使疫苗设计平台转向亚单位疫苗，但因疫苗传递效率低而使其疗效有限。基于纳米技术的疫苗，称为纳米疫苗，通过将抗原和佐剂共传递到淋巴器官和APCs并释放到细胞内，引起抗原的交叉表达和强大的抗肿瘤免疫应答，从而解决了传递上的局限性。虽然纳米疫苗，无论是作为包埋剂还是仿生纳米颗粒，都能够产生所需的抗肿瘤作用，但有证据表明，基于静电相互作用形成抗原和佐剂之间的纳米复合物混合配方会引起高水平的免疫应答，因为抗原的可用性和更快的释放。在这里，我们总结了各种开发癌症疫苗平台的优势以及使用传递系统的优点。详细讨论了包括基于纳米颗粒和仿生纳米颗粒的癌症纳米疫苗。最后，我们关注了抗原和佐剂之间的纳米复合物形成作为有前途的癌症纳米疫苗平台。版权所有©2023 Elsevier B.V.。

As an interesting cancer immunotherapy approach, cancer vaccines have been developed to deliver tumor antigens and adjuvants to antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Although the safety and easy production shifted the vaccine designing platforms toward the subunit vaccines, their efficacy is limited due to inefficient vaccine delivery. Nanotechnology-based vaccines, called nanovaccines, address the delivery limitations through co-delivery of antigens and adjuvants into lymphoid organs and APCs and their intracellular release, leading to cross-presentation of antigens and induction of potent anti-tumor immune responses. Although the nanovaccines, either as encapsulating agents or biomimetic nanoparticles, exert the desired anti-tumor activities, there is evidence that the mixing formulation to form nanocomplexes between antigens and adjuvants based on the electrostatic interactions provokes high levels of immune responses owing to Ags' availability and faster release. Here, we summarized the various platforms for developing cancer vaccines and the advantages of using delivery systems. The cancer nanovaccines, including nanoparticle-based and biomimetic-based nanovaccines, are discussed in detail. Finally, we focused on the nanocomplexes formation between antigens and adjuvants as promising cancer nanovaccine platforms.Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.