癌症免疫治疗已被证明在多种恶性肿瘤中实现了显著的抗肿瘤效果。在所有免疫检查点分子中，PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂疗法取得了巨大的成功。然而，由于药物耐药性，只有一些癌症患者从这种治疗策略中受益。因此，识别PD-1/PD-L1通路的潜在调节因子以完全理解抗PD-1/PD-L1治疗的机制至关重要。最近的研究验证了m6A修饰在PD-1/PD-L1轴的关键作用，从而调节免疫应答和免疫治疗策略。在本综述中，我们总结了最新的关于m6A修饰在不同癌症中调节PD-1/PD-L1通路的癌症增殖、侵袭和预后的研究，并讨论了可能的机制。我们还回顾了m6A相关的lncRNA在调节PD-1/PD-L1通路中的作用。更重要的是，我们概述了m6A调节对抗PD-1治疗和能够预测抗PD-1/PD-L1治疗疗效的m6A相关分子的影响。需要进一步研究探索m6A对PD-1/PD-L1通路和免疫治疗的明确调节，这可能解决当前免疫治疗的一些限制。版权所有 ©2023，Elsevier B.V.发表。

Cancer immunotherapy has been shown to achieve significant antitumor effects in a variety of malignancies. Out of all the immune checkpoint molecules, PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor therapy has achieved great success. However, only some cancer patients benefit from this treatment strategy owing to drug resistance. Therefore, identifying the underlying modulators of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway to completely comprehend the mechanisms of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatment is crucially important. Recent research has validated that m6A modification plays a critical role in the PD-1/PD-L1 axis, thus regulating the immune response and immunotherapy strategies. In this review, we summarized the latest research on the regulation of m6A modification in PD-1/PD-L1 pathways in cancer proliferation, invasion, and prognosis based on different kinds of cancers and discussed the possible mechanisms. We also reviewed m6A-associated lncRNAs in the regulation of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway. More importantly, we outlined the influence of m6A modulation on anti-PD-1 therapy and m6A-related molecules that could predict the curative effect of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. Further studies exploring the definitive regulation of m6A on the PD1/PD-1 pathway and immunotherapy are needed, which may address some of the current limitations in immunotherapy.Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V.