石墨烯氧化物（GO）及其衍生物最近被识别为早期疾病诊断和治疗的有希望候选物。然而，生理稳定性和精确的启动要求对进一步的临床实践提出了限制。脂肪来源的干细胞（ADSCs）被用作无阻力的生物载体，以解决验证这种以ADSC为基础的肿瘤靶向系统，进行高效的GO输送，结合双阶段近红外辐射进行优良的肿瘤消融。GO经过聚乙烯醇（PEG）和叶酸（FA）的修饰。然后，将GO纳米复合物内化到ADSCs中。将GO-PEG-FA负荷的ADSCs注射到携带肿瘤的小鼠的尾静脉。随后，使用第一阶段近红外辐射破坏ADSCs以释放GO-PEG-FA。在此之后，由于次级阶段近红外辐射产生的热量可破坏恶性细胞并缩小肿瘤，该级联过程可在需要时循环使用，直到完全消融肿瘤。经过32天的静脉注射后，GO-PEG-FA纳米复合物表现出微不足道的细胞毒性，并且可以内化到ADSCs中，以针对特定的肿瘤部位。在第一剂近红外辐射后，该纳米复合物从ADSCs中释放，并在叶酸的辅助下再次被癌细胞吸收。然后，第二个辐射剂量可以直接攻击癌细胞进行癌症消融。总之，我们报道了一种基于干细胞的抗癌系统，该系统使用GO-PEG-FA负荷的ADSCs进行乳腺癌治疗，并通过近红外治疗在小鼠中开辟了一条新的途径，不仅可以解决肿瘤治疗中精确的药物靶向问题，而且还可以在各个领域中进行未来的临床实践。©2023 Peng等

Graphene oxide (GO) and its derivatives have recently been identified as promising candidates for early disease diagnosis and therapy. However, the physiological stability and precise launch requirements present limitations on further clinical practices. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) were employed as an unobstructed biological vehicle to address the validate this ADSC-based tumor-targeting system for highly efficient GO delivery combined with two-stage NIR radiation for superior tumor ablation.GO was modified with poly-ethylene glycol (PEG) and folic acid (FA). Afterward, the GO nanocomposite was internalized into ADSCs. The GO-PEG-FA-laden ADSCs were injected into the tail veins of the tumor-bearing mice. Subsequently, first-stage NIR radiation was utilized to disrupt the ADSCs for GO-PEG-FA release. After this, the heat generated by secondary-stage NIR radiation destroy the malignant cells and shrink the tumor, and the cascade process could be recycled until complete tumor ablation if necessary.The GO-PEG-FA nanocomposite exhibited negligible cytotoxicity and could be internalized into ADSCs to target specific tumor sites after 32 days of intravenous injection. The nanocomposite was released from the ADSCs and taken up into cancer cells again with the assistance of FA after the first dose of near-infrared radiation. Then, the second radiation dose could directly strike the cancer cell for cancer ablation.In summary, we reported a stem cell-based anticancer system that used GO-PEG-FA-laden ADSCs for breast cancer therapy through NIR treatment in mice potentially opens a new avenue not only to address precise drug targeting in tumor therapy, but also future clinical practice in diverse areas.© 2023 Peng et al.