乳酸是糖酵解的终产物，传统上被视为代谢废物。然而，许多研究已经证明乳酸在生理过程和多种疾病中具有代谢和非代谢功能。癌症和肺动脉高压已经表现出代谢重编程，这是伴随着乳酸产生增加的。代谢重编程和表观遗传修饰已经被广泛地联系起来；此外，由代谢物引起的组蛋白的翻译后修饰在表观遗传变化中扮演着重要的角色。在本文中，我们回顾了关于乳酸诱导组蛋白修饰的最新研究，并提供了关于糖酵解代谢效应的新视角。根据我们的回顾，由糖酵解引起的代谢组和表观组之间的交流可能表明新的表观遗传调节和治疗机会。在过去几十年中，代谢组学和表观组学之间的相互作用有了巨大的进展，但仍有许多问题需要进一步研究。乳酸化被发现在不同的病理生理状态中，并导致多种生物学效应，然而，只有一些乳酸化机制已经被阐明。进一步研究乳酸化将为我们提供更好的了解代谢组学和表观组学之间的交流。

Lactate, which is an end product of glycolysis, has traditionally been considered as a metabolic waste. However, numerous studies have demonstrated that lactate serves metabolic and nonmetabolic functions in physiological processes and multiple diseases. Cancer and pulmonary arterial hypertension have been shown to undergo metabolic reprogramming, which is accompanied by increased lactate production. Metabolic reprogramming and epigenetic modifications have been extensively linked; furthermore, posttranslational modifications of histones caused by metabolites play a vital role in epigenetic alterations. In this paper, we reviewed recent research on lactate-induced histone modifications and provided a new vision about the metabolic effect of glycolysis. Based on our review, the crosstalk between the metabolome and epigenome induced by glycolysis may indicate novel epigenetic regulatory and therapeutic opportunities. There is a magnificent progress of the interaction between metabolomics and epigenomics in recent decades, but many questions still remained to be investigated. Lactylation is found in different pathophysiological states and leads to diverse biological effects, however, only a few mechanisms of lactylation have been illustrated. Further research on lactylation would provide us with a better understanding of the crosstalk between the metabolomics and epigenomics.