除了抗感染反应外，中性粒细胞通过分泌炎症成分和中性粒细胞外网（NET）的形成与肿瘤进展有联系。NET是一种由染色质支架构成的网状结构，涂有特定的核和细胞质蛋白，如组蛋白和颗粒肽。越来越多的证据表明，NET是促进肿瘤生长、侵袭、迁移和免疫抑制的有利因素。然而，NET与其他细胞（肿瘤细胞和免疫细胞）之间的细胞-细胞相互作用是复杂且研究薄弱的。本研究是首次聚焦于NET在癌症中介导的细胞间通讯进行评估。我们总结了NET与肿瘤微环境中其他细胞之间复杂的细胞-细胞互作，并探讨NET作为预后/预测生物标志物和癌症治疗分子靶点的意义。此外，我们还呈现了癌症免疫的全面情况，为未来改善晚期癌症的治疗效果提供了帮助。©2023作者。

In addition to the anti-infection response, neutrophils are linked to tumor progression through the secretion of inflammation components and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation. NET is a web-like structure constituted by a chromatin scaffold coated with specific nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins, such as histone and granule peptides. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that NETs are favorable factors to promote tumor growth, invasion, migration, and immunosuppression. However, the cell-cell interaction between NETs and other cells (tumor cells and immune cells) is complicated and poorly studied. This work is the first review to focus on the intercellular communication mediated by NETs in cancer. We summarized the complex cell-cell interaction between NETs and other cells in the tumor microenvironment. We also address the significance of NETs as both prognostic/predictive biomarkers and molecular targets for cancer therapy. Moreover, we presented a comprehensive landscape of cancer immunity, improving the therapeutic efficacy for advanced cancer in the future.© 2023. The Author(s).