我们旨在描述侵袭性真菌感染（IFI）的宿主和病原真菌的当前流行病学情况，并详细介绍住院患者实际队列中12周的感染结果。该研究是一项回顾性和观察性的研究，以描述在三级医院（2017年2月至2021年12月）诊断的IFI。我们包括所有符合EORTC-MSG和其他标准的明确或可能的IFI标准的连续患者。共诊断出367例IFI。其中11.7％是突破性感染，56.4％在重症监护室（ICU）诊断出来。皮质类固醇使用（41.4％）和先前的病毒感染（31.3％）是IFI的最常见的危险因素。淋巴瘤和肺囊虫肺炎是最常见的基线和真菌病。仅有12％的IFI发生在中性粒细胞减少的患者中。真菌培养是最重要的诊断测试（85.8％）。最常见的IFI是真菌血症（42.2％）和侵袭性曲霉菌病（26.7％）。阿唑诺尔耐药性念珠菌菌株和非非烟曲霉感染分别占36.1％和44.5％的病例。肺孢子虫病（16.9％），隐球菌病（4.6％）和毛霉菌病（2.7％）也很常见，混合感染（3.4％）也是如此。罕见真菌占感染的9.5％。12周的IFI总体死亡率为32.2％；木杆菌目菌（55.6％），镰刀菌（50％）和混合感染（60％）观察到更高的死亡率。我们记录了宿主和真实IFI流行病学的新兴变化。医生们应该意识到这些变化，怀疑感染并积极诊断和治疗。目前，这种临床情况的结果仍然非常差。©作者（2023）由牛津大学出版社代表人类动物真菌学国际学会发表。

We aimed to describe the current epidemiology of both hosts with invasive fungal infections (IFI) and causative fungi. And detail outcomes of these infections at 12 weeks in a real-life cohort of hospitalized patients. The study was retrospective and observational to describe IFI diagnosed in a tertiary hospital (February 2017 - December 2021). We included all consecutive patients meeting criteria for proven or probable IFI according to EORTC-MSG and other criteria. A total of 367 IFI were diagnosed. 11.7% were breakthrough infections, and 56.4% were diagnosed in the intensive care unit (ICU). Corticosteroid use (41.4%) and prior viral infection (31.3%) were the most common risk factors for IFI. Lymphoma and pneumocystis pneumonia were the most common baseline and fungal diseases. Only 12% of IFI occurred in patients with neutropenia. Fungal cultures were the most important diagnostic tests (85.8%). The most frequent IFI were candidemia (42.2%) and invasive aspergillosis (26.7%). Azole-resistant candida strains and non-fumigatus aspergillus infection represented 36.1% and 44.5% of the cases, respectively. Pneumocystosis (16.9%), cryptococcosis (4.6%) and mucormycosis (2.7%) were also frequent, as well as mixed infections (3.4%). Rare fungi accounted for 9.5% of infections. Overall IFI mortality at 12 weeks was 32.2%; higher rates were observed for Mucorales (55.6%), Fusarium (50%) and mixed infections (60%). We documented emerging changes in both hosts and real-life IFI epidemiology. Physicians should be aware of these changes to suspect infections and be aggressive in diagnoses and treatments. Currently, outcomes for such clinical scenarios remain extremely poor.© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The International Society for Human and Animal Mycology.