本研究的目的是评估橙皮苷（HSP）和艾曲泰辛（ELT）对卡比马唑（CBZ）诱导的白色雄性白化大鼠甲状腺功能减退（HPO）的抗炎、抗氧化和抗增殖效应。三十二只成年大鼠分为四组：第一组无治疗（对照组），第二组接受CBZ治疗（20毫克/千克），第三组接受HSP（200毫克/千克）+CBZ治疗，第四组接受ELT（0.045毫克/千克）+CBZ治疗。所有治疗均以每日口服剂量方式提供，为期90天。甲状腺功能减退在第二组中得到明显表现。然而，在第三和第四组中观察到甲状腺激素、抗氧化酶、核因子红细胞生成素2相关因子2、血红素氧合酶1和白细胞介素（IL）-10水平升高，并伴有甲状腺刺激素水平降低。相反，在第三和第四组中检测到脂质过氧化物、诱导型一氧化氮合酶、肿瘤坏死因子α、IL-17和环氧化酶2水平降低。组三和组四中的组织病理学和超微结构研究结果得到改善，而组二则表现出显著增加的滤泡细胞高度和层数。免疫组化显示，在第三和第四组中甲状腺球蛋白显著增加，核因子kappa B和增殖细胞核抗原水平显著降低。这些结果证实了HSP作为抗炎、抗氧化和抗增殖药物在甲状腺功能减退大鼠中的有效性。需要进行进一步的研究来评估其作为对抗HPO的新型药物的潜力。 ©2023. 作者，独家授权给Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany，Springer Nature的一部分。

The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiproliferative effects of hesperidin (HSP) and eltroxin (ELT) on hypothyroidism (HPO) induced by carbimazole (CBZ) in white male albino rats. Thirty-two adult rats were categorized into four groups: Group 1, no treatment (control); Group II, treated with CBZ (20 mg/kg); Group III, treated with HSP (200 mg/kg) + CBZ; and Group IV, treated with ELT (0.045 mg/kg) + CBZ. All treatments were provided as oral daily doses for 90 days. Thyroid hypofunction was significantly manifested in Group II. However, increased levels of thyroid hormones, antioxidant enzymes, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, heme oxygenase 1, and interleukin (IL)-10, and a decrease in the level of the thyroid-stimulating hormone were observed in Groups III and IV. On the contrary, decreased levels of lipid peroxidation, inducible nitric oxide synthase, tumor necrosis factor α, IL-17, and cyclooxygenase 2 were detected in groups III and IV. The histopathological and ultrastructural findings were ameliorated in Groups III and IV; on the contrary, Group II presented with significant increases in the height and number of layers of the follicular cells. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated a marked increase in thyroglobulin and significant decreases in the levels of nuclear factor kappa B and proliferating cell nuclear antigen in Groups III and IV. These results confirmed the effectiveness of HSP as an anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiproliferative agent in rats with hypothyroidism. Additional studies are required to assess its potential as a novel agent against HPO.© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.