脑室周围白质软化症（PVL）是一种特有的白质损伤形式，常见于新生儿心脏手术后。目前尚无PVL确定的治疗方法。本研究旨在探讨延迟轻度低温治疗对新生大鼠脑片模型中PVL的治疗效果及其机制。延迟轻度低温治疗时间增加后，氧葡萄糖剥夺后髓鞘基础蛋白表达减少和前寡祖细胞减少的程度明显降低。此外，轻度低温治疗时间延长后，离子钙结合适配分子1（Iba-1）阳性细胞比例和Iba-1表达水平显著降低。此外，与对照组相比，轻度低温治疗后肿瘤坏死因子α和白细胞介素-6的水平也有所下降。用延长轻度低温治疗对小胶质细胞激活的抑制可能是在体外循环和低温循环麻醉过程中保护白质的潜在策略。

Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), characterized by distinctive form of white matter injury, often arises after neonatal cardiac surgery. Proven therapies for PVL are absent. In this study, we designed to quest therapeutic effects of delayed mild hypothermia on PVL and its mechanism in a neonatal rat brain slice model. With the increase of delayed mild hypothermia-treating time, the reduced expression of myelin basic protein and loss of preoligodendrocytes were significantly attenuated after oxygen-glucose deprivation. In addition, the proportion of ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1)-positive cells and the expression of Iba-1 were apparently reduced with the increased duration of mild hypothermia treatment. Furthermore, the levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 reduced after the mild hypothermia treatment relative to the control. Inhibition of microglial activation with prolonged mild hypothermia may be a potential strategy for white matter protection during cardiopulmonary bypass and hypothermic circulatory arrest.