目前，胃肠道（GI）疾病的诊断主要依赖于消化内镜等侵入性程序。然而，这些程序可能导致患者在检查期间和之后的不适、呼吸问题和细菌感染。近年来，纳米医学作为一个有前景的领域出现，并在诊断技术方面取得了显著进展。特别是纳米探针具有高特异性和敏感性，能够有效检测胃肠道疾病。纳米探针与核磁共振、光学荧光成像、断层摄影术和光学相关断层摄影等先进成像技术的结合，显著提高了胃肿瘤和炎症性肠病的检测能力。这种协同作用使胃肠道疾病能够早期诊断和精确分期。在临床应用的纳米颗粒中，超顺磁性氧化铁、量子点、单个碳纳米管和纳米笼已成为广泛研究和应用的药物。本综述旨在探讨纳米颗粒在现代成像技术中的潜在应用，特别关注它们在促进包括炎症性肠道病（IBD）和结肠癌（CRC）在内的一系列胃肠道疾病早期和特异性诊断中的作用。此外，我们还讨论了纳米技术基于胃肠道诊断的实施所面临的挑战，并探讨了在这一有前景领域的未来前景。© 2023 Yue 等。

The diagnosis of gastrointestinal (GI) diseases currently relies primarily on invasive procedures like digestive endoscopy. However, these procedures can cause discomfort, respiratory issues, and bacterial infections in patients, both during and after the examination. In recent years, nanomedicine has emerged as a promising field, providing significant advancements in diagnostic techniques. Nanoprobes, in particular, offer distinct advantages, such as high specificity and sensitivity in detecting GI diseases. Integration of nanoprobes with advanced imaging techniques, such as nuclear magnetic resonance, optical fluorescence imaging, tomography, and optical correlation tomography, has significantly enhanced the detection capabilities for GI tumors and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This synergy enables early diagnosis and precise staging of GI disorders. Among the nanoparticles investigated for clinical applications, superparamagnetic iron oxide, quantum dots, single carbon nanotubes, and nanocages have emerged as extensively studied and utilized agents. This review aimed to provide insights into the potential applications of nanoparticles in modern imaging techniques, with a specific focus on their role in facilitating early and specific diagnosis of a range of GI disorders, including IBD and colorectal cancer (CRC). Additionally, we discussed the challenges associated with the implementation of nanotechnology-based GI diagnostics and explored future prospects for translation in this promising field.© 2023 Yue et al.