嗓音嘶哑：何时观察，何时转诊。
Hoarseness: When to observe and when to refer.
发表日期：2023 Aug 01
作者：
Ellen L Ferraro, Rebecca Chota Nelson, Paul C Bryson
来源：
CLEVELAND CLINIC JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
摘要：
嗓音嘶哑和发音困难这两个术语可以互换使用，都用于描述影响三分之一患者的改变过的发音质量类型。虽然嗓音嘶哑可能是由反流或病毒性喉炎等良性疾病引起的，但它可能预示着良性或恶性声带病理。重要的是，医护人员要知道如何评估、治疗以及何时通过喉镜进行直接观察的患者转诊。在本文中，我们将回顾基本的喉部解剖学和功能，讨论声带病理的症状，以及美国耳鼻喉头颈外科学会关于发音困难的诊断和治疗的当前指南，包括患者转诊。版权所有 © 2023 克利夫兰诊所基金会。保留所有权利。
The terms hoarseness and dysphonia are used interchangeably, and both describe a type of altered vocal quality affecting one-third of patients. While hoarseness may be secondary to benign conditions such as reflux or viral laryngitis, it may suggest benign or malignant vocal-fold pathology. It is important for caregivers to know how to evaluate, treat, and when to refer patients for direct visualization via laryngoscopy. In this article, we review basic laryngeal anatomy and function, symptoms of vocal-fold pathology, and current guidelines from the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery on the diagnosis and treatment of dysphonia, including patient referral.Copyright © 2023 The Cleveland Clinic Foundation. All Rights Reserved.