卵巢硬化性间质瘤是一种良性肿瘤，往往发生在年轻女性身上，其小叶结构的发生率较低。小叶中含有丰富的血管，其中包括黄素化细胞、短梭形肌样细胞和中间细胞。目前，免疫组化技术用于检测正常滤泡、硬化性间质瘤、颗粒细胞瘤和纤维瘤/卵黄瘤。我们的研究结果表明，在正常滤泡的内简单上皮层，转录因子增强子3（TFE3）呈中度到强阳性表达。TFE3在8例硬化性间质瘤中的7例中表达，主要位于黄素化细胞中，而在20例颗粒细胞瘤中未表达。对于9例纤维瘤/卵黄瘤，2例呈弱阳性染色，其余7例未表达。在一个小囊性间质瘤中，TFE3也仅表达较弱。通过使用TFE3分离探针对8例硬化性间质瘤进行了荧光原位杂交（FISH），结果为阴性。总之，作为一种核转录蛋白，TFE3特异性表达于硬化性间质瘤中，可以作为诊断和鉴别诊断硬化性间质瘤的新标记物。此外，我们推测TFE3进入细胞核后会促进血管丛的形成，这进一步解释了为何硬化性间质瘤与其他卵巢性索间质瘤有所不同。© 2023年，作者。

Sclerosing stromal tumors of the ovary are benign and tend to occur in youthful women with lobular structures at low frequencies. Three types of cells, including luteinized cells, short spindle myoid cells, and intermediate cells, are found in the lobules which abundant in the blood vessels. Currently, immunohistochemistry is used to detect normal follicles, sclerosing stromal tumors, granulosa cell tumors, and fibromas/thecomas. Our research results showed that transcription factor enhancer 3 (TFE3) was moderate to strong positive in the theca interna layer of normal follicles. TFE3 was expressed in seven out of eight sclerosing stromal tumors, mainly in luteinized cells. It did not express in 20 granulosa cell tumors. Of the nine fibromas/thecomas, TFE3 was weakly staining in 2 cases and negative in the remaining 7 cases. The expression of TFE3 was also weak in only one microcystic stromal tumor. 8 cases of sclerosing stromal tumors were analyzed by FISH using a TFE3 separation probe, and the results were negative. In short, as a nuclear transcription protein, TFE3 specifically expressed in sclerosing stromal tumors and could serve as a new marker for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of sclerosing stromal tumors. Moreover, we speculate that TFE3 will promotes the formation of the vascular plexus after entry into the nucleus, which can further explain why sclerosing stromal tumors are different from other ovary sex-cord stromal tumors.© 2023. The Author(s).