糖尿病和癌症是两种异质性疾病，其全球患病率迅速增加。100多年前首次发现了这两种非传染性疾病之间的联系；然而，最近的流行病学研究和基因组研究的进展为糖尿病和癌症之间的关联提供了更深入的理解。流行病学研究表明，糖尿病患者患有多种癌症（包括肝癌、胰腺癌、结直肠癌、乳腺癌和子宫内膜癌）的风险增加，并且患有癌症的死亡风险增加。然而，并非所有癌症都有此增加的风险，例如，糖尿病患者患前列腺癌的风险降低。研究还发现，癌症患者患糖尿病的风险增加，这表明这两种疾病之间的关系并不简单。有证据表明这两种疾病存在共同的遗传病因，以及许多生活方式和临床因素，这使得确定两种疾病之间的关系是因果关系还是混杂因素所致变得具有挑战性。本综述以全癌症的方法突出了2型糖尿病和癌症发展之间相互作用的复杂性，并指出了基因组研究在这两种疾病方面提供了更深入的理解。©作者

Diabetes and cancer are two heterogenous diseases which are rapidly increasing in prevalence globally. A link between these two non-communicable diseases was first identified over 100 years ago; however, recent epidemiological studies and advances in genomic research have provided greater insight into the association between diabetes and cancer. Epidemiological studies have suggested that individuals with diabetes have an increased risk of several types of cancer (including liver, pancreas, colorectal, breast, and endometrial) and an increased risk of cancer mortality. However, this increased risk is not observed in all cancers, for example, there is a reduced risk of prostate cancer in individuals with diabetes. It has also been observed that cancer patients have an increased risk of developing diabetes, highlighting that the relationship between these diseases is not straightforward. Evidence of a shared genetic aetiology along with numerous lifestyle and clinical factors have made it challenging to establish if the relationship between the two diseases is causal or a result of confounding factors. This review takes a pan-cancer approach to highlight the complexities of the interactions between type 2 diabetes and cancer development, indicating where advances in genomic research have enabled a greater insight into these two diseases.© the author(s).