前列腺癌是美国男性中非皮肤癌症中最常见的一种，也是第二大导致肿瘤相关死亡的原因。过去十年间，晚期前列腺癌的治疗形势发生了迅速变化。长期以来，雄激素剥夺疗法一直是转移性激素敏感前列腺癌（mHSPC）患者的基石系统治疗方式。然而，最近我们看到了mHSPC领域双联和三联组合的出现。与此同时，针对转移性去势抵抗前列腺癌（mCRPC）的患者，可供选择的治疗手段不断增加，包括激素治疗、化疗、免疫疗法、靶向骨转移治疗、放射配体治疗和靶向治疗。晚期前列腺癌治疗方式的变化引发了许多关于患者选择、治疗选择以及不同批准药物的顺序安排的问题，尤其是在mCRPC就早期使用化疗和雄激素受体信号抑制剂的情况下。自那时以来，已经进行了多个临床试验，旨在改善mHSPC的管理并延缓其进展为mCRPC。本综述文章讨论了关于前列腺癌新治疗靶点的各类临床试验以及新临床试验的开展如何影响旧疗法和旧试验。

Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed non-skin cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality in men in the United States. Over the past decade, the treatment landscape for advanced prostate cancer has rapidly shifted. For decades, androgen deprivation therapy has been the cornerstone of systemic treatment for patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC). However, more recently, we have seen the emergence of doublet and triplet combinations in the mHSPC setting. At the same time, there is an expanding list of treatments for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), including hormonal treatments, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, bone-targeted agents, radioligand therapy, and targeted therapy. The shifting of the treatment landscape for advanced prostate cancer has raised many questions regarding patient selection, therapy choice, and sequencing of different approved agents, particularly in the mCRPC setting with the earlier use of chemotherapy and androgen receptor signaling inhibitors. Since then, multiple trials have been conducted to improve the management of mHSPC and delay its progression to mCRPC. This review article discusses various clinical trials that focus on novel therapeutic targets for prostate cancer and how the initiation of newer clinical trials has affected older therapies and trials.