咽部念珠菌感染（oropharyngeal candidiasis, OPC），通常称为“鹅口疮”，是一种通常破坏口腔粘膜完整性并损害受损个体本地先天和适应免疫的口腔感染。导致OPC发生和发展的主要病原体是二态机会性伴生菌白色念珠菌（Candida albicans）。然而，由非白色念珠菌（NAC）物种包括铜盘念珠菌（C. glabrata）、热带念珠菌（C. tropicalis）、都柏林念珠菌（C. dubliniensis）、副异柱念珠菌（C. parapsilosis）和克鲁塞念珠菌（C. krusei）引发的发病率与某些口腔细菌（如变形链球菌（Streptococcus mutans）、高登链球菌（Streptococcus gordonii）、表皮葡萄球菌（Staphylococcus epidermidis）和金黄色葡萄球菌（Staphylococcus aureus））一起增加。本文概述了白色念珠菌及其共同贡献者在OPC发病机制中的微生物学和感染特征。由于侵袭和伴随的免疫反应首先依赖于通过多种细胞表面受体对口腔病原菌的识别，我们随后强调了表皮生长因子受体（EGFR）、麦蛋白类受体2（EphA2）、人表皮生长因子受体2（HER2）和芳香烃受体（AhR）在口腔上皮细胞上的作用，以阐明宿主对口腔病原体进行免疫识别的潜在机制。基于这些观察，最后对OPC的治疗方法进行了综述，包括传统和非传统的抗真菌药物、真菌疫苗、细胞因子和抗体治疗以及抗微生物肽治疗。面对新出现的威胁性微生物（金色念珠菌（C. auris）和SARS-CoV-2）、风险（生物膜形成和不同器官之间的相互转位）和复杂的临床环境（HIV和咽喉癌），对OPC的研究仍然是一项具有挑战性的任务。© 作者（们） 2023。由牛津大学出版社代表国际人类和动物真菌学会出版。

Oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC), commonly known as 'thrush', is an oral infection that usually dismantles oral mucosal integrity and malfunctions local innate and adaptive immunities in compromised individuals. The major pathogen responsible for the occurrence and progression of OPC is the dimorphic opportunistic commensal Candida albicans. However, the incidence induced by non-albicans Candida (NAC) species including C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, C. dubliniensis, C. parapsilosis, C. krusei are increasing in company with several oral bacteria, such as Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus gordonii, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus. In this review, the microbiological and infection features of C. albicans and its co-contributors in the pathogenesis of OPC are outlined. Since the invasion and concomitant immune response lie firstly on the recognition of oral pathogens through diverse cellular surface receptors, we subsequently emphasize the roles of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), ephrin-type receptor 2 (EphA2), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) located on oral epithelial cells to delineate the underlying mechanism by which host immune recognition to oral pathogens is mediated. Based on these observations, the therapeutic approaches to OPC comprising conventional and non-conventional antifungal agents, fungal vaccines, cytokine and antibody therapies, and antimicrobial peptide therapy are finally overviewed. In face of newly emerging life-threatening microbes (C. auris and SARS-CoV-2), risks (biofilm formation and interconnected translocation among diverse organs), and complicated clinical settings (HIV and oropharyngeal cancer), the research on OPC is still a challenging task.© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The International Society for Human and Animal Mycology.