镍氧化物纳米颗粒因其特殊的化学、物理、光学和生物学特性，在各个科学领域近年来引起了巨大关注。由于在不同领域中有多种应用，因此使用了不同的物理化学方法来合成镍氧化物纳米颗粒。然而，大多数传统方法在合成过程中使用了危险化学物质，可能存在潜在的健康风险，而其他方法则昂贵且需要大量能源来合成纳米颗粒，从而使得颗粒的生物相容性和生物效能降低。因此，目前提出的纳米颗粒生物合成方法成为物理化学方法的有价值替代品，因为它是一种简单、无毒、廉价、环保且容易实施的方法。这种合成方法使用植物提取物、微生物和其他生物制品等生物底物来合成镍氧化物纳米颗粒。来自植物提取物的各种植物化学物质、来自微生物的酶或蛋白质以及其他生物衍生物作为还原、稳定和包覆剂，提供生物活性和生物相容性的镍氧化物纳米材料。本综述讨论了镍氧化物纳米颗粒生物合成的最新研究成果和趋势，以及其抗菌、抗真菌、抗利什曼病和抗癌等生物活性，重点强调其抗菌和抗癌活性及其机制解释。总的来说，这项详尽的研究为未来开发绿色镍氧化物纳米颗粒作为治疗剂提供了可能性的深入了解。© 2023 Berhe和Gebreslassie。

Nickel oxide nanoparticles have gained tremendous attention recently in a variety of scientific domains thanks to their characteristic chemical, physical, optical, and biological properties. Due to the diversity of applications in various fields, different physicochemical methods have been used to synthesize nickel oxide nanoparticles. However, most conventional methods use hazardous chemicals during synthesis and become liable for potential health risks, while others are expensive and require a lot of energy to synthesize nanoparticles. As a result, the nanoparticles become less biocompatible and biologically inefficient. Biogenic synthesis of nanoparticles is currently proposed as a valuable alternative to the physical and chemical methods, as it is a simple, non-toxic, cheap, green and facile approach. This synthetic method uses biological substrates such as plant extracts, microorganisms, and other biological products to synthesize nickel oxide nanoparticles. The various phytochemicals from plant extracts, enzymes or proteins from microorganisms, and other biological derivatives play as reducing, stabilizing, and capping agents to provide bioactive and biocompatible nickel oxide nanoscale material. This review discusses current findings and trends in the biogenic synthesis of nickel oxide nanoparticles and their biological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, antileishmanial, and anticancer, with an emphasis on antimicrobial and anticancer activity along with their mechanistic elucidation. Overall, this thorough study provides insight into the possibilities for the future development of green nickel oxide nanoparticles as therapeutic agents for a variety of ailments.© 2023 Berhe and Gebreslassie.