甲状腺激素作用涉及几乎所有生理过程。众所周知，肝脏和甲状腺紧密相关，甲状腺激素在新生脂肪合成、β-氧化（脂肪酸氧化）、胆固醇代谢和碳水化合物代谢中发挥重要作用。临床和机制研究表明，甲状腺激素可能参与慢性肝病的发展，包括酒精性或非酒精性脂肪肝和肝细胞癌。甲状腺激素作用和合成甲状腺激素类似物可以在降低脂质、预防慢性肝病和作为肝抗癌药物方面产生有益作用。最近的临床前和临床研究表明，一些甲状腺激素类似物可能还在肝病治疗中发挥作用。这些合成分子，即模拟甲状腺素，可以调节脂质代谢，尤其是在非酒精性脂肪肝/非酒精性脂肪肝炎中。在本综述中，我们首先总结了甲状腺激素信号通路在肝脏生物学中的作用，然后描述了肝病中甲状腺激素信号的变化以及肝病如何影响甲状腺激素稳态，最后讨论了甲状腺激素类似物在肝病治疗中的应用。©2023作者。由Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.出版。

Thyroid hormone action is involved in virtually all physiological processes. It is well known that the liver and thyroid are intimately linked, with thyroid hormone playing important roles in de novo lipogenesis, beta-oxidation (fatty acid oxidation), cholesterol metabolism, and carbohydrate metabolism. Clinical and mechanistic research studies have shown that thyroid hormone can be involved in chronic liver diseases, including alcoholic or nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. Thyroid hormone action and synthetic thyroid hormone analogs can exert beneficial actions in terms of lowering lipids, preventing chronic liver disease and as liver anticancer agents. More recently, preclinical and clinical studies have indicated that some analogs of thyroid hormone could also play a role in the treatment of liver disease. These synthetic molecules, thyromimetics, can modulate lipid metabolism, particularly in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. In this review, we first summarize the thyroid hormone signaling axis in the context of liver biology, then we describe the changes in thyroid hormone signaling in liver disease and how liver diseases affect the thyroid hormone homeostasis, and finally we discuss the use of thyroid hormone-analogues for the treatment of liver disease.Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.