越来越多的证据将炎症与睡眠联系起来。本研究旨在评估失眠、白天过度嗜睡和睡眠时长（短睡眠：<7小时；正常睡眠：7-9小时；长睡眠：≥9小时）与C-反应蛋白（CRP）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）和白细胞介素之间的关联和因果效应。采用标准的定量分析方法，估计不同对照组中每种蛋白质的表达差异。然后，采用双样本Mendelian随机化（MR）分析来探索它们与已发表的基因组关联研究总结统计数据的因果关系。倒数方差加权（IVW）方法被用作主要方法，随后进行了几种补充方法作为敏感性分析。共有44篇出版物，总共包括51879名参与者进行了定量分析。我们的结果显示，失眠组的CRP、IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α水平较对照组高0.36至0.58（标准化后），而白天过度嗜睡组与对照组之间没有显著差异。此外，CRP和IL-6与睡眠时长呈现U型或倒U型表达。在MR分析中，主要结果显示CRP对睡眠时长有因果效应（估计值：0.017；95％CI，[0.003, 0.031]），并且对短睡眠时长（估计值：-0.006；95％CI，[-0.011，-0.001]）产生负面影响。此外，发现IL-6与长睡眠时长相关（估计值：0.006；95％CI，[0.000, 0.013]）。这些结果在敏感性分析中一致。失眠和极端睡眠时长的炎症水平较高。同时，升高的CRP和IL-6对长睡眠时长产生因果效应。进一步的研究可以关注相关的上游和下游机制。© 2023作者。由牛津大学出版社代表睡眠研究学会发表。版权所有。有关权限，请发送电子邮件至：journals.permissions@oup.com。

Growing evidence linked inflammation with sleep. This study aimed to evaluate the associations and causal effects of sleep traits including insomnia, excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and sleep duration (short:<7h; normal:7-9h; long:≥9h), with levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukins. Standard procedures of quantitative analysis were applied to estimate the expression differences for each protein in compared groups. Then, a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed to explore their causal relationships with published GWAS summary statistics. The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) was used as the primary method, followed by several complementary approaches as sensitivity analyses. A total of 44 publications with 51879 participants were included in the quantitative analysis. Our results showed that the levels of CRP, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were higher from 0.36 to 0.58 (after standardization) in insomnia compared to controls, while there was no significant difference between participants with EDS and controls. Besides, there was a U/J-shaped expression of CRP and IL-6 with sleep durations. In MR analysis, the primary results demonstrated the causal effects of CRP on sleep duration (estimate:0.017; 95% CI, [0.003, 0.031]) and short sleep duration (estimate:-0.006; 95% CI, [-0.011, -0.001]). Also, IL-6 was found to be associated with long sleep duration (estimate:0.006; 95% CI, [0.000, 0.013]). These results were consistent in sensitivity analyses. There are high inflammatory profiles in insomnia and extremes of sleep duration. Meanwhile, elevated CRP and IL-6 have causal effects on longer sleep duration. Further studies can focus on related upstream and downstream mechanisms.© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Sleep Research Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.