过敏反应的抗癌作用与免疫增强强烈相关。联合用药甲氧苄啶和磺胺甲恶唑（TMP-SMX）作为一种抗生素，具有潜在的免疫调节效应，但会引起过敏反应等副作用。迄今为止，TMP-SMX在黑色素瘤中的作用和机制尚未明确。本研究采用免疫缺陷小鼠模型，研究了TMP-SMX在黑色素瘤皮肤癌中的潜在作用。TMP-SMX显著改善了免疫缺陷小鼠黑色素瘤皮肤癌的生存率，减轻了肿瘤的重量和生长，降低了肿瘤血管内皮生长因子的水平。在强制游泳测试中，与免疫缺陷小鼠黑色素瘤皮肤癌组相比，TMP-SMX显著减少了不动时间，表明免疫功能改善。TMP-SMX显著增加了肥大细胞的浸润和过敏相关介质的释放（IgE，组胺，白细胞介素（IL）-4，IL-5，IL-13和IL-33），以及免疫增强介质的释放（肿瘤坏死因子-α，IL-2，IL-6和IL-12）。此外，给予TMP-SMX的小鼠的血液生化参数显示无不良反应。TMP-SMX通过引发过敏反应和促进免疫功能，显著抑制了黑色素瘤皮肤癌的生长。因此，我们认为TMP-SMX可以作为癌症化疗中的一种免疫增强剂。版权所有 © 2023 Elsevier B.V.。保留所有权利。

The anti-cancer impact of an allergic reaction is strongly linked to immunity enhancement. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), an antibiotic, has potential immunomodulatory effects, but has side effects such as allergies. Thus far, the effects and underlying mechanisms of TMP-SMX in melanoma have not been clarified. This study examined the potential roles of TMP-SMX in melanoma skin cancer using an immunodeficient mouse model. TMP-SMX significantly improved the survival rate and reduced the tumor weight and growth and vascular endothelial growth factor levels in melanoma skin cancer of immunodeficient mice. In the forced swimming test, TMP-SMX significantly reduced immobility time compared to the melanoma skin cancer of immunodeficient mice, indicating improved immunity. TMP-SMX significantly increased infiltration of mast cells and release of allergy-related mediators (IgE, histamine, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-13, and IL-33) and immune-enhancing mediators (tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-12). In addition, the administration of TMP-SMX significantly increased the caspase-3, 8, and 9 activities. Furthermore, mice given TMP-SMX showed no adverse reactions according to the blood biochemical parameters. TMP-SMX significantly inhibits the growth of melanoma skin cancer by triggering an allergic reaction and promotingimmunity. Hence, we propose that TMP-SMX may be used as an immune booster in cancer chemotherapy.Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.