我们以前的研究显示，无症状的恶性疟原虫（Pf）感染儿童具有更高的卡波氏肉瘤相关疱疹病毒（KSHV）病毒载量、更高的KSHV血清阳性率和更高的KSHV抗体水平。我们假设临床疟疾与KSHV血清阳性率之间的关联更加显著。因此，在本研究中，我们调查了临床疟疾与KSHV血清阳性率和抗体水平之间的关联。在2020年12月至2022年3月期间，我们在乌干达的一家诊所招募了年龄在5至10岁之间的患病儿童，并进行了一项病例对照研究。我们使用疟疾快速诊断试剂盒（RDT）检测了Pf，然后再利用定量实时聚合酶链反应（qPCR）进行检测。患有疟疾的儿童分为两组：RDT阳性/PfPCR阳性组和RDT阴性/PfPCR阳性组。在未感染Pf的儿童中，KSHV的血清阳性率为60％（47/78），在RDT阴性/PfPCR阳性的儿童中为79％（61/77），且在RDT阳性/PfPCR阳性的儿童中为95％（141/149）（OR 10.52，95％CI：4.17-26.58；P（趋势）<0.001）。此外，相比未感染的儿童，RDT阳性/PfPCR阳性的儿童和RDT阴性/PfPCR阳性的儿童的KSHV IgG和IgM抗体水平更高，并且对更多的KSHV抗原产生了反应。临床疟疾与KSHV血清阳性率和抗体水平的增加相关，这表明Pf对KSHV免疫产生了影响。 © 2023作者。由牛津大学出版社代表美国传染病学会发表。保留所有权利。如需权限，请发送电子邮件至：journals.permissions@oup.com。

Previously, we showed that children with asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) malaria infection had higher Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) viral load, increased risk of KSHV seropositivity and higher KSHV antibody levels. We hypothesise that clinical malaria has an even larger association with KSHV seropositivity. Therefore in the current study, we investigated the association between clinical malaria and KSHV seropositivity and antibody levels.Between 12/2020 to 03/2022, sick children (aged 5-10 years) presenting at a clinic in Uganda were enrolled in a case-control study. Pf was detected using malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) and subsequently with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Children with malaria were categorized into two groups; RDT+/PfPCR+ and RDT-/PfPCR+.The seropositivity of KSHV was 60% (47/78) among Pf uninfected children, 79% (61/77); among children who were RDT-/PfPCR+ (Odds Ratio [OR] 2.41, 95% CI 1.15-5.02) and 95% (141/149) in children who were RDT+/Pf PCR+ (OR 10.52, 95% CI: 4.17-26.58; P (trend)<0.001). Furthermore, RDT+/PfPCR+ children followed by RDT-/PfPCR+ children had higher KSHV IgG and IgM antibody levels and reacted to more KSHV antigens compared to uninfected children.Clinical malaria is associated with both increased KSHV seropositivity and antibody magnitude suggesting that Pf is affecting KSHV immunity.© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.