淋巴结靶向药物输送是一种有吸引力的方法，可以改善癌症免疫疗法的疗效。目前，对脑免疫的传入和传出途径的深入了解揭示了淋巴结靶向药物输送在脑肿瘤（如胶质母细胞瘤）治疗中的潜在临床应用。在本研究中，我们系统地回顾了胶质母细胞瘤的微环境和其作为潜在免疫疗法基础的结构，包括胶质-淋巴通路以进行物质交换，脑膜淋巴管向颈部深层淋巴结的淋巴引流途径以进行脑内外免疫沟通，以及血脑屏障与效应T细胞的相互作用。此外，我们全面总结了用于淋巴结靶向药物输送的载体。最后，本文包括了利用纳米技术开发胶质母细胞瘤淋巴结靶向输送策略面临的挑战和机遇。© 2023. BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature.

Lymph nodes targeted drug delivery is an attractive approach to improve cancer immunotherapy outcomes. Currently, the depth of understanding of afferent and efferent arms in brain immunity reveals the potential clinical applications of lymph node targeted drug delivery in brain tumors, e.g., glioblastoma. In this work, we systematically reviewed the microenvironment of glioblastoma and its structure as a basis for potential immunotherapy, including the glial-lymphatic pathway for substance exchange, the lymphatic drainage pathway from meningeal lymphatic vessels to deep cervical lymph nodes that communicate intra- and extracranial immunity, and the interaction between the blood-brain barrier and effector T cells. Furthermore, the carriers designed for lymph nodes targeted drug delivery were comprehensively summarized. The challenges and opportunities in developing a lymph nodes targeted delivery strategy for glioblastoma using nanotechnology are included at the end.© 2023. BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature.