评估抗体介导的脑炎（AE）或寄生肿瘤相关性脑炎（PE）的严重程度需要有效可靠的评分来指导治疗决策，并在临床常规和研究中预测结局。我们旨在验证自身免疫性脑炎（CASE）临床评估量表和抗NMDAR脑炎一年功能状态（NEOS）评分在大型单中心队列中对AE和PE患者的预后价值。我们回顾性地应用CASE和NEOS评分于在三级医院接受治疗的明确AE和PE患者。分析了CASE和NEOS评分与改良Rankin量表（mRs）之间的相关性。进行了多变量分析以确定结局的预测因素。总共纳入了34例患者（27例AE，7例PE）。与PE患者相比，AE患者的mRs和CASE评分之间在所有时间间隔中的相关性最强，但在亚组（LGI1，NMDAR，GAD，杂项表面抗体，PE）中，相关性在基线后的间隔期最强。与PE相比，AE患者的结局似乎更好，多变量分析也证实了这一点。改善主要发生在疾病发生后6-12个月内，此后很少或没有进一步改善，但两名抗NMDAR脑炎患者即使在治疗12个月后仍大幅度康复。NEOS评分能够显著预测AE患者最后随访时的结局，敏感性为79%，截断值为2分（AUC 0.79，95% CI 0.58-0.99，p = 0.04）。CASE和NEOS评分是捕捉不同症状、分级和监测症状严重程度的适用补充工具，可用作mRs的补充。© 2023 The Authors. 《临床和转化神经学杂志》由Wiley Periodicals LLC代表美国神经学协会出版。

Assessing severity of antibody-mediated encephalitis (AE) or paraneoplastic encephalitis (PE) requires valid and reliable scores to guide treatment decisions and predict outcome both in clinical routine and studies. We aimed to validate the prognostic value of the clinical assessment scale in autoimmune encephalitis (CASE) and the anti-NMDAR-encephalitis one-year functional status (NEOS) score in patients suffering from AE and PE in a large monocentric cohort.We retrospectively applied the CASE and NEOS score to patients with definite AE and PE treated at a tertiary hospital. Correlations were established between the CASE and NEOS score and the modified Rankin scale (mRs). Multivariable analyses were calculated to identify predictors of outcome.Thirty-four patients (27 AE, 7 PE) were included. Correlations between mRS and CASE score were strongest in patients with AE compared to PE at all intervals, but in the subgroups (LGI1, NMDAR, GAD, miscellaneous surface antibodies, PE) the correlation was strongest in the interval after baseline. Patients with AE seemed to display better outcomes compared to PE, which was underlined by multivariable analysis. Improvement was mostly observed within 6-12 months after disease onset, after which little or no further improvement was noted with some exception for two patients with anti-NMDARE who recovered substantially even after 12 months of treatment. The NEOS score significantly predicted the outcome at last follow-up in patients with AE with a sensitivity of 79% at a cut-off value of 2 points (AUC 0.79, 95% CI 0.58-0.99, p = 0.04).The CASE and NEOS score are suitable supplementary tools in addition to the mRS for capturing diverse symptoms, for grading and monitoring symptom severity.© 2023 The Authors. Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Neurological Association.