许多智利城市受到来自工业、移动和家庭木材燃烧等源头的严重空气污染。多项研究已经将PM2.5空气污染暴露与心血管、肺部和肺癌死亡率的升高联系起来。近年来，智利已发展出一套庞大的空气污染监测网络，以强制执行PM2.5的空气质量标准，从而允许研究PM2.5和死亡率之间的中期关联。本研究采用负二项回归模型，研究了智利345个自治市中的105个自治市的三年平均PM2.5浓度与年龄调整的死亡率之间的关联。模型涵盖了所有（ICD10 A到Q代码）、心肺（I和J）、心血管（I）、肺部（J）、癌症（C）和肺癌（C33-C34）的原因，并控制了气象、社会经济和人口统计特征。结果显示，PM2.5暴露与心肺（相对风险为10 µg/m3 PM2.5: 1.06；95%置信区间=1.00, 1.13）和肺部（1.11；1.02, 1.20）年龄调整死亡率有显著关联，心血管（1.06；0.99, 1.13）和所有原因（1.02；0.98, 1.07）也呈正向关联，但并不显著。癌症和肺癌之间没有发现显著关联。即使在控制了多个混杂因素、模型规范和考虑了不同的暴露表征方法时，这些正向关联仍然存在。这些估计结果与美国的队列研究和欧洲的研究结果保持一致。智利的三年平均PM2.5 暴露与年龄调整的心肺和心血管死亡率呈正相关，这证明了细颗粒物中期暴露对长期死亡率的影响。版权所有 © 2023 The Authors。由 Wolters Kluwer Health公司代表The Environmental Epidemiology发表。保留所有权利。

Many Chilean cities suffer from high air pollution from industrial, mobile, and residential wood-burning sources. Several studies have linked PM2.5 air pollution exposure to higher mortality risk from cardiovascular, pulmonary, and lung cancer causes. In recent years, Chile has developed an extensive air pollution monitoring network to enforce air quality standards for PM2.5, allowing the study of the medium-term association between PM2.5 and mortality.A negative binomial regression model was used to study the association between 3-year average PM2.5 concentrations and age-adjusted mortality rates for 105 of the 345 municipalities in Chile. Models were fitted for all (ICD10 A to Q codes), cardiopulmonary (I and J), cardiovascular (I), pulmonary (J), cancer (C), and lung cancer (C33-C34) causes; controlling for meteorological, socioeconomic, and demographic characteristics.A significant association of PM2.5 exposure with cardiopulmonary (relative risk for 10 µg/m3 PM2.5: 1.06; 95% confidence interval = 1.00, 1.13) and pulmonary (1.11; 1.02, 1.20) age-adjusted mortality rates was found. Cardiovascular (1.06; 0.99, 1.13) and all causes (1.02; 0.98, 1.07) were positive, but not significant. No significant association was found between cancer and lung cancer. The positive associations remained even when controlling for multiple confounding factors, model specifications, and when considering different methods for exposure characterization. These estimates are in line with results from cohort studies from the United States and European studies.Three-year average PM2.5 exposure is positively associated with the age-adjusted mortality rate for cardiopulmonary and cardiovascular causes in Chile. This provides evidence of the medium-term exposure effect of fine particles on long-term mortality rates.Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of The Environmental Epidemiology. All rights reserved.