膀胱癌（BC）是一种难以管理的疾病。研究人员一直在研究从升级厚朴中提取的一种化合物——厚朴酚的抗癌作用潜力。然而，厚朴酚的确切调控机制及其对膀胱癌中NF-κB信号通路的影响仍不清楚。为了全面评估其治疗潜力，研究人员利用膀胱癌细胞系（TSGH8301、T24和MB49）和体内动物模型进行了一系列实验。研究结果表明，厚朴酚通过激活内外源性凋亡信号通路对膀胱癌细胞具有细胞毒作用。此外，厚朴酚治疗降低了抗凋亡基因的表达。研究人员还揭示了PKCδ/ERK和miR-124-3p在NF-κB通路中的调控作用，这可能受到厚朴酚的影响。厚朴酚治疗导致PKCδ/ERK失活和miR-124-3p表达增加，有效抑制了NF-κB介导的膀胱癌进展。重要的是，厚朴酚的使用并未导致正常组织的显著毒性反应，突显了其作为一种安全的辅助疗法的潜力，副作用较小。这些发现使厚朴酚成为膀胱癌治疗中有前景的治疗药物。通过激活凋亡信号通路、抑制NF-κB通路并通过上调miR-124-3p和下调PKCδ/ERK激活，厚朴酚有望抑制肿瘤进展，提高膀胱癌患者的治疗效果。进一步的研究和临床试验有必要探索厚朴酚的全部潜力。版权所有 © 2023 作者。由Elsevier GmbH出版。保留所有权利。

Bladder cancer (BC) is a challenging disease to manage. Researchers have been investigating the potential of magnolol, a compound derived from Magnolia officinalis, as an anti-cancer agent. However, the exact regulatory mechanism of magnolol and its impact on the NF-κB signaling pathway in BC remain unclear.To comprehensively evaluate its therapeutic potential, the researchers conducted a series of experiments using BC cell lines (TSGH8301, T24, and MB49) and in vivo animal models.The results of the study demonstrated that magnolol exhibits cytotoxic effects on BC cells by activating both the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis signaling pathways. Additionally, the expression of anti-apoptotic genes was downregulated by magnolol treatment. The researchers also uncovered the regulatory role of PKCδ/ERK and miR-124-3p in the NF-κB pathway, which may be influenced by magnolol. Treatment with magnolol led to the inactivation of PKCδ/ERK and an increase in miR-124-3p expression, effectively inhibiting NF-κB-mediated progression of BC. Importantly, the administration of magnolol did not result in significant toxicity in normal tissues, highlighting its potential as a safe adjunctive therapy with minimal adverse effects.These findings position magnolol as a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of BC. By activating apoptosis signaling pathways and inhibiting NF-κB pathway through the upregulation of miR-124-3p and downregulation of PKCδ/ERK activation, magnolol holds promise for suppressing tumor progression and improving patient outcomes in BC. Further research and clinical trials are warranted to explore the full potential of magnolol in the future.Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier GmbH.. All rights reserved.