免疫原性细胞死亡（Immunogenic cell death，ICD）是12种独特细胞死亡形式之一，能够触发免疫系统对抗癌细胞。ICD期间，许多细胞变化会发生，从而刺激免疫反应，包括释放一种称为损伤相关分子模式（damage-associated molecular patterns，DAMPs）的分子，进而向免疫细胞传递信号以识别并攻击癌细胞。凭借其在免疫监视中的关键作用，基于ICD的药物开发已成为探索癌症治疗中新颖疗法组合和个体化策略的新途径。几种小分子和微生物能够诱导ICD相关信号，导致癌细胞死亡。在本综述中，我们突出了微生物介导ICD在癌症免疫治疗中的作用，并描述了微生物可能作为癌症治疗中的ICD诱导因子的机制。我们还讨论了目前将微生物与化疗方案或免疫检查点抑制剂（immune checkpoint inhibitors，ICIs）联合应用于癌症患者治疗的尝试。我们推测，微生物的干预可能引导个体化的治疗干预，促进抗癌免疫反应。 翻译版权归John Wiley & Sons A/S 翻译由John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 发布。

Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is one of the 12 distinct cell death forms, which can trigger immune system to fight against cancer cells. During ICD, a number of cellular changes occur that can stimulate an immune response, including the release of molecules called damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), signaling to immune cells to recognize and attack cancer cells. By virtue of their pivotal role in immune surveillance, ICD-based drug development has been a new approach to explore novel therapeutic combinations and personalized strategies in cancer therapy. Several small molecules and microbes can induce ICD-relevant signals and cause cancer cell death. In this review, we highlighted the role of microbe-mediate ICD in cancer immunotherapy and described the mechanisms through which microbes might serve as ICD inducers in cancer treatment. We also discussed current attempts to combine microbes with chemotherapy regimens or immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in the treatment of cancer patients. We surmise that manipulation of microbes may guide personalized therapeutic interventions to facilitate anticancer immune response.© 2023 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.