尽管不断取得治疗上的进展，癌症仍然是一种常常致命的疾病。在2010年代初，啮齿动物模型中的首个证据显示气体等离子技术具有有希望的抗肿瘤作用。医用气体等离子是一种部分电离的气体，通过沉积多种物理化学效应剂于组织上，尤其是活性氧和活性氮物质（ROS/RNS）。如今，越来越多的实验证据表明，医用气体等离子源产生的治疗性ROS/RNS在单独或与放射治疗、化学治疗和免疫治疗等肿瘤治疗方案的联合中具有多方面作用。有趣的是，最近发现气体等离子技术还具有免疫学特性，能诱导免疫原性细胞死亡，从而通过原位或自体肿瘤疫苗方案最终促进现有的癌症免疫治疗。伴随着最早的临床证据报告显示气体等离子治疗在癌症患者中具有益效，现在是时候从生物学、免疫学、临床学和技术学的角度总结医用气体等离子肿瘤治疗的主要概念以及机遇和限制了。Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Despite continuous therapeutic progress, cancer remains an often fatal disease. In the early 2010s, first evidence in rodent models suggested promising antitumor action of gas plasma technology. Medical gas plasma is a partially ionized gas depositing multiple physico-chemical effectors onto tissues, especially reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS). Today, an evergrowing body of experimental evidence suggests multifaceted roles of medical gas plasma-derived therapeutic ROS/RNS in targeting cancer alone or in combination with oncological treatment schemes such as ionizing radiation, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. Intriguingly, gas plasma technology was recently unraveled to have an immunological dimension by inducing immunogenic cell death, which could ultimately promote existing cancer immunotherapies via in situ or autologous tumor vaccine schemes. Together with first clinical evidence reporting beneficial effects in cancer patients following gas plasma therapy, it is time to summarize the main concepts along with the chances and limitations of medical gas plasma onco-therapy from a biological, immunological, clinical, and technological point of view.Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.