越来越多的证据支持，肠道微生物在女性的整个生命过程中对生殖内分泌系统起着至关重要的作用，而肠道微生物的β-葡萄糖醛酸酶（gmGUS）是调节宿主雌激素代谢的关键因子。此外，雌激素水平也影响肠道微生物的组成和多样性。在正常情况下，gmGUS-雌激素的相互作用维持生理雌激素水平的体内稳态。一旦这种稳态被打破，雌激素代谢将受到干扰，导致与雌激素相关的疾病，如妇科癌症、更年期综合征等，以及肠道微生物失调，可能加速这些病理过程。在本文中，我们强调了gmGUS对体内雌激素代谢和与雌激素相关疾病的调节作用，总结了gmGUS与雌激素代谢之间的现有证据，并揭示了其背后的潜在机制。最后，gmGUS可能成为早期诊断雌激素引起疾病的潜在生物标志物。调节gmGUS活性或移植产生gmGUS的微生物表明有望治疗与雌激素相关的疾病。

A growing amount of evidence has supported that gut microbiota plays a vital role in the reproductive endocrine system throughout a woman's whole life, and gut microbial β-glucuronidase (gmGUS) is a key factor in regulating host estrogen metabolism. Moreover, estrogen levels also influence the composition as well as the diversity of gut microbiota. In normal condition, the gmGUS-estrogen crosstalk maintains body homeostasis of physiological estrogen level. Once this homeostasis is broken, the estrogen metabolism will be disturbed, resulting in estrogen-related diseases, such as gynecological cancers, menopausal syndrome, etc. together with gut microbial dysbiosis, which may accelerate these pathological processes. In this review, we highlight the regulatory role of gmGUS on the physical estrogen metabolism and estrogen-related diseases, summarize the present evidence of the interaction between gmGUS and estrogen metabolism, and unwrap the potential mechanisms behind them. Finally, gmGUS may become a potential biomarker for early diagnosis of estrogen-induced diseases. Regulating gmGUS activity or transplanting gmGUS-producing microbes shows promise for treating estrogen-related diseases.