本研究调查了台湾糖尿病患者中使用及未使用罗格列酮对前列腺癌风险的影响。使用国民保健署的全国医疗保险数据库，纳入了1999年至2005年年龄≥25岁的男性新诊断2型糖尿病患者。总计选择了11,495名使用者和11,495名未使用者，根据倾向得分进行匹配，并对他们从2006年1月1日至2011年12月31日期间前列腺癌发病率进行了随访。采用Cox比例风险模型，并结合使用倾向得分的倒数概率进行治疗权重来估计风险比。随访结束时，在未使用者中发现了84例前列腺癌患者，而在使用者中发现了90例。未使用者的发病率为每10万人年173.20例，使用者的发病率为每10万人年187.59例。总体风险比（95%置信区间）为1.089（0.808-1.466）。累积剂量的第一三分位数（<672毫克）的风险比为0.999（0.643-1.552），第二三分位数（672-3584毫克）的风险比为1.147（0.770-1.709），第三三分位数（>3584毫克）的风险比为1.116（0.735-1.695）。敏感性分析一致显示罗格列酮与前列腺癌风险之间不存在关联。罗格列酮对前列腺癌风险没有影响。版权所有 © 2023 Tseng。

This study investigated the risk of prostate cancer in ever users and never users of rosiglitazone in diabetes patients in Taiwan.The nationwide database of the National Health Insurance was used to enroll male patients who had a new diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus at an age ≥ 25 years from 1999 to 2005. A total of 11,495 ever users and 11,495 never users of rosiglitazone matched on propensity score were selected and they were followed up for the incidence of prostate cancer from January 1, 2006 until December 31, 2011. Cox proportional hazard model incorporated with the inverse probability of treatment weighting using the propensity score was used to estimate hazard ratios.At the end of follow-up, incident cases of prostate cancer were found in 84 never users and 90 ever users of rosiglitazone. The calculated incidence was 173.20 per 100,000 person-years in never users and was 187.59 per 100,000 person-years in ever users. The overall hazard ratio (95% confidence intervals) for ever versus never users was 1.089 (0.808-1.466). The hazard ratios were 0.999 (0.643-1.552) for the first tertile (< 672 mg), 1.147 (0.770-1.709) for the second tertile (672-3584 mg) and 1.116 (0.735-1.695) for the third tertile (> 3584 mg) of cumulative dose. Sensitivity analyses consistently showed a null association between rosiglitazone and prostate cancer risk.Rosiglitazone has a null effect on the risk of prostate cancer.Copyright © 2023 Tseng.