类风湿性关节炎（RA）是一种慢性自身免疫性疾病，主要发生在滑膜关节，导致滑膜炎症和关节损伤。如果及时诊断和治疗，疾病可以得到很好的控制。然而，在临床实践中，由于误诊、漏诊等原因，患者往往无法得到及时有效的治疗，导致病情恶化和预后不良，严重影响患者生活质量。迄今为止，RA的发病机制仍不清楚。近年来发现细胞因子失衡在RA的发生发展中起着关键作用。大多数与RA相关的细胞因子由免疫细胞产生，通过旁分泌和自分泌途径结合到效应细胞的特异受体上。细胞因子对炎症的影响可分为促炎因子和抗炎因子。当促炎因子的作用比抗炎因子更明显时，RA的病情将加重，导致更严重的炎症反应和免疫紊乱。白介素33（IL-33）是白介素-1（IL-1）家族的新成员，其受体为抑制肿瘤原性2（ST2）。IL-33通过促进巨噬细胞、肥大细胞、嗜中性粒细胞等细胞中一系列生化反应在RA等免疫性疾病中起着重要作用。本文旨在总结近年来IL-33在RA发病机制中的研究进展，讨论其在RA发病机制中的作用，并为未来RA的预防和治疗提供新思路。版权©2023 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that occurs mainly in synovial joints, causing synovial inflammation and joint injury. If diagnosed and treated in time, the disease can be well controlled. However, in clinical practice, patients often fail to get timely and effective treatment due to misdiagnosis, missed diagnosis, and other reasons, resulting in deterioration of the condition and poor prognosis, seriously affecting the patient's quality of life. So far, the pathogenesis of RA is still unclear. In recent years, it has been found that the imbalance of cytokines plays a vital role in the occurrence and development of RA. Most RA-related cytokines are produced by immune cells, which bind to the specific receptors of effector cells through paracrine and autocrine pathways. The effect of cytokines on inflammation can be divided into pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors. When the impact of pro-inflammatory factors is more significant than anti-inflammatory factors, the condition of RA will be aggravated, resulting in more inflammatory severe reactions and immune disorders. Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a new member of the interleukin-1(IL-1) family, and its receptor is suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2). IL-33 plays a vital role in immune diseases such as RA by promoting a series of biochemical reactions in macrophages, mast cells, granulocytes, and other cells. This article aims to summarize the research progress of IL-33 in the pathogenesis of RA in recent years, discuss its role in the pathogenesis of RA, and provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of RA in the future.Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.