细胞因子可以协调强大的免疫反应，在抗感染、自身免疫疾病和癌症治疗上具有巨大的潜力。在癌症治疗中，许多促炎性细胞因子在临床前研究中显示出了很好的疗效。然而，由于药代动力学不良、明显的毒性和不理想的抗癌疗效，它们的临床应用受到了阻碍。因此，虽然IFN-α和IL-2已被批准用于特定的癌症治疗，其他细胞因子仍然是激烈研究的对象。为了加速细胞因子作为抗癌免疫疗法的应用，需要采取策略来改善它们的安全性和抗癌性能。在这方面，递送系统可以通过靶向细胞因子或编码细胞因子的核酸（如DNA和mRNA）来产生创新治疗方法，从而实现创新治疗策略。本综述聚焦于这些创新递送策略，总结基因递送和蛋白质递送等关键方法，并对其在临床转化中的潜力和挑战进行了批判性审查。本文受版权保护，版权所有。

Cytokines can coordinate robust immune responses, holding great promise as therapeutics against infections, autoimmune diseases and cancers. In cancer treatment, numerous pro-inflammatory cytokines have displayed promising efficacy in preclinical studies. However, their clinical application has been hindered by poor pharmacokinetics, significant toxicity and unsatisfactory anticancer efficacy. Thus, while IFN-α and IL-2 have been approved for specific cancer treatments, other cytokines still remain subject of intense investigation. To accelerate the application of cytokines as cancer immunotherapeutics, strategies need to be directed to improve their safety and anticancer performance. In this regard, delivery systems could be used to generate innovative therapies by targeting the cytokines or nucleic acids, such as DNA and mRNA, encoding the cytokines to tumor tissues. This review centers on these innovative delivery strategies for cytokines, summarizing key approaches, such as gene delivery and protein delivery, and critically examining their potential and challenges for clinical translation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.