巴氏腺病毒（EBV）是一种普遍存在的单纯疱疹病毒，几乎影响到所有人类，并通过感染B淋巴细胞建立终身感染，导致它们永生化。EBV有明确的生命周期，包括潜伏期和溃疡再活化阶段。EBV可以在免疫功能正常和免疫功能低下的人体内再活化，并导致淋巴增殖。对于EBV再活化的监测协议的文献较少，也没有标准化的治疗方案来治疗EBV驱动的淋巴增殖。虽然目前尚无FDA批准的治疗EBV的疗法，但有多种策略可以抑制EBV的复制。这些包括免疫抑制剂减少、核苷类似物、组蛋白去乙酰酶（HDAC）抑制剂、EBV特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞（CTLs）和单克隆抗体（如利妥昔单抗）。目前正在开展一个开放的临床试验，将HDAC抑制剂纳米替诺斯他和甘昔洛韦结合使用以治疗难治性/复发性EBV淋巴瘤。另一种新疗法是锅炉抑制剂他别勒单克隆抗体（tabelecleucel），它是一种适应症为难治性或复发性EBV阳性PTLD的异基因EBV定向T细胞免疫疗法，并已获得欧洲药品管理局的批准，但目前仅在美国有限制地使用。还需要进一步研究，以建立高危人群（如自身免疫性疾病、癌症、HIV感染或接受免疫抑制治疗者）的EBV监测协议。此外，还需要建立高危人群中预防EBV再活化和治疗EBV再活化和淋巴增殖的标准化治疗方法。© 2023. 作者，在Springer Science+Business Media, LLC的专属许可下，属于Springer Nature的一部分。

Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous herpesvirus that affects almost all humans and establishes lifelong infections by infecting B-lymphocytes leading to their immortalization. EBV has a discrete life cycle with latency and lytic reactivation phases. EBV can reactivate and cause lymphoproliferation in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals. There is sparse literature on monitoring protocols for EBV reactivation and no standardized treatment protocols to treat EBV-driven lymphoproliferation.While there are no FDA-approved therapies to treat EBV, there are several strategies to inhibit EBV replication. These include immunosuppression reduction, nucleoside analogs, HDAC inhibitors, EBV-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs), and monoclonal antibodies, such as rituximab. There is currently an open clinic trial combining the use of a HDAC inhibitor, nanatinostat, and ganciclovir to treat refractory/relapsed EBV lymphomas. Another novel therapy includes tabelecleucel, which is an allogenic EBV-directed T-cell immunotherapy that was approved by the European Medicines Agency, but is currently only available in the US for limited use in relapsed or refractory EBV-positive PTLD. Further research is needed to establish EBV monitoring protocols in high-risk populations, such as those with autoimmune disease, cancer, HIV, or receiving immunosuppressive therapy. Additionally, standardized treatments for both the prevention of EBV reactivation in high-risk populations and treatment of EBV reactivation and lymphoproliferation need to be established.© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.