除了技术障碍外，公众对基因治疗的态度与基因治疗的临床实施之间存在重要联系。本研究的目的是调查中国个体对基因治疗接受的相关因素。本横断面研究使用2022年6月20日至8月31日期间在中国大陆进行的一项调查的数据。采用逐步线性回归分析与公众对基因治疗接受的5个关键领域相关因素：基本个人信息（性别、地区、年龄和教育程度）、家庭情况（婚姻状况、子女和堂兄弟姐妹）、经济状况（资产、债务和保险覆盖）、健康知识（健康素养评分和媒体使用）和身体健康状况（慢性疾病、癌症、欧洲生命质量五维五级版本[EQ-5D-5L]评分和病情感知问卷[BIPQ]评分）。接受程度分数根据视觉模拟量表计算得出（范围为0-100，分数越高表示对基因治疗的接受程度越高）。进一步的亚组分析在不同年龄亚组和有无慢性疾病的人群中进行。在本研究中分析了21880名参与者（平均[标准差]年龄为39.4 [18.9]岁；10947名女性参与者[50.0%]；10933名男性参与者[50.0%]）。调查中基因治疗的平均（标准差）接受程度分数为60.56（27.60）。与60岁或以上的人群相比，12至18岁的年龄组对基因治疗的接受程度更高（β = 1.48 [95% CI，0.09-2.88]），而19至30岁（β=-3.43 [95% CI，-4.80至-2.07]）、31至44岁（β =-1.44 [95% CI，-2.76至-0.12]）和45至59岁（β=-2.05 [95% CI，-3.27至-0.83]）的群体接受程度较低。与居住在中国东部的人相比，中部地区的人对基因治疗的接受程度较低（β =-1.58 [95% CI，-2.54至-0.62]），而西部地区的人接受程度较高（β =0.92 [95% CI，0.09-1.76]）。较高的教育水平（本科以上与初中及以下）与对基因治疗的较高接受程度相关（β =1.56 [95% CI，0.49-2.63]）。拥有的财产数量也与对基因治疗的较高接受程度相关（2个与0个：β =2.38 [95% CI，1.04-3.72]；≥3个与0个：β =4.66 [95% CI，2.92-6.39]）。慢性病的诊断与对基因治疗的较低接受程度相关（β =-17.86 [95% CI，-20.49至-15.24]），而癌症的诊断与较高接受程度相关（β =6.99 [95% CI，1.84-12.14]）。较高的BIPQ分数（β =0.40 [95% CI，0.34-0.45]）、较高的健康素养分数（β =0.70 [95% CI，0.62-0.78]）和媒体使用（β =0.49 [95% CI，0.41-0.57]）都与较高的基因治疗接受程度相关，而较高的EQ-5D-5L分数与较低的接受程度相关（β =-0.29 [95% CI，-0.47至-0.11]）。对于年龄较大的人群，负债、无健康保险和EQ-5D-5L分数是唯一相关的因素。对于患有慢性病的人群，本科以上学历、癌症诊断和BIPQ分数是唯一相关的因素。这些结果表明，基本个人信息、经济状况、健康知识和身体健康状况是与基因治疗接受程度相关的主要因素。提高人口健康素养和促进对基因治疗的信任可能是增加基因治疗接受程度的有效途径。较低的经济水平和较差的疾病状态可能会降低公众接受基因治疗的意愿。

In addition to technical barriers, public attitudes about the use of gene therapy have an important association with the clinical implementation of gene therapy.To investigate the factors associated with public acceptance of gene therapy among individuals in China.This cross-sectional study used data from a survey conducted among 21 880 individuals in mainland China from June 20 to August 31, 2022.Stepwise linear regression was used to analyze factors associated with public acceptance of gene therapy in 5 key areas: basic personal information (gender, region, age, and educational level), family situation (marital status, children, and cousins), economic status (assets, debts, and insurance coverage), health knowledge (health literacy score and media use), and physical health status (chronic illness, cancer, European Quality of Life 5-Dimension 5-Level version [EQ-5D-5L] score, and Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire [BIPQ] score). Acceptance scores were calculated based on a visual analog scale (range, 0-100, with higher scores indicating higher acceptance of gene therapy). Further subgroup analysis was carried out in different age subgroups and populations with or without chronic diseases.A total of 21 880 participants (mean [SD] age, 39.4 [18.9] years; 10 947 female participants [50.0%]; 10 933 male participants [50.0%]) were analyzed in this study. The mean (SD) acceptance score of gene therapy in the survey was 60.56 (27.60). Compared with people aged 60 years or older, those aged 12 to 18 years had higher acceptance of gene therapy (β = 1.48 [95% CI, 0.09-2.88]), while groups aged 19 to 30 years (β = -3.43 [95% CI, -4.80 to -2.07]), 31 to 44 years (β = -1.44 [95% CI, -2.76 to -0.12]), and 45 to 59 years (β = -2.05 [95% CI, -3.27 to -0.83]) had lower acceptance. Compared with people living in Eastern China, those in Central China had lower acceptance of gene therapy (β = -1.58 [95% CI, -2.54 to -0.62]), while those in Western China had higher acceptance (β = 0.92 [95% CI, 0.09-1.76]). Higher educational level (undergraduate or above vs junior high or below) was associated with higher acceptance of gene therapy (β = 1.56 [95% CI, 0.49-2.63]). Number of properties owned was also associated with higher acceptance of gene therapy (2 vs 0: β = 2.38 [95% CI, 1.04-3.72]; ≥3 vs 0: β = 4.66 [95% CI, 2.92-6.39]). Diagnosis of chronic disease was associated with lower acceptance of gene therapy (β = -17.86 [95% CI, -20.49 to -15.24]), while diagnosis of cancer was associated with higher acceptance (β = 6.99 [95% CI, 1.84-12.14]). Higher BIPQ score (β = 0.40 [95% CI, 0.34-0.45]), higher health literacy score (β = 0.70 [95% CI, 0.62-0.78]), and media use (β = 0.49 [95% CI, 0.41-0.57]) were all associated with high acceptance of gene therapy, while a higher EQ-5D-5L score was associated with lower acceptance (β = -0.29 [95% CI, -0.47 to -0.11]). For older people, being in debt, not having health insurance, and the EQ-5D-5L score were uniquely relevant factors. For people with chronic disease, having an undergraduate degree or higher, a diagnosis of cancer, and the BIPQ score were uniquely relevant factors.These results suggest that basic personal information, economic status, health knowledge, and physical health status were the main factors associated with the acceptance of gene therapy. Improving the health literacy of the population and promoting trust in gene therapy may be effective ways to increase the acceptance of gene therapy. Poorer economic levels and worse disease states may reduce the public's willingness to accept gene therapy.