大量的病理学和临床证据支持了输卵管是高级别浆液性卵巢癌起源的部位。因此，切除输卵管现已被视为永久避孕（代替输卵管结扎）或卵巢癌预防的手段（在治疗良性妇科疾病手术中机会性地进行）。本研究旨在评估切除输卵管与侵袭性上皮性卵巢、输卵管和腹膜癌的风险之间的关联。该以人群为基础的回顾性队列研究包括了安大略省，加拿大18至80岁的所有享受卫生保健服务资格的妇女。参与者使用安大略省的行政医疗数据库在1992年1月1日至2019年12月31日期间确定。共有131,516名妇女参与了主要的（配对）分析。妇女在随后的时间内一直进行随访，直至2021年12月31日。将安大略省1992年4月1日至2019年12月31日期间进行单侧或双侧切除输卵管的妇女与来自普通人群的未进行盆腔操作的妇女1:3配对。使用Cox比例风险回归模型估计了卵巢、输卵管和腹膜癌的联合风险比（HR）和95%的可信区间（CI）。在131,516名妇女（平均年龄42.2 [7.6]岁）中，32,879名进行了单侧或双侧切除输卵管的手术，98,637名没有进行盆腔操作。在切除输卵管组的平均（范围）随访时间为7.4（0-29.2）年，在非手术对照组的平均（范围）随访时间为7.5（0-29.2）年。分别发生了31例癌症（0.09％）和117例癌症（0.12％）（HR为0.82; 95％CI为0.55-1.21）。与单纯子宫切除相比，切除输卵管的癌症发病率HR为0.87（95％CI为0.53-1.44）。本队列研究发现切除输卵管与卵巢癌的风险之间不存在关联；但是，这一观察结果基于较少的发病例和相对较短的随访时间。需要进行具有额外随访年限的研究来确定切除输卵管的潜在风险降低程度，然而，更长的随访时间也将带来一些挑战，除非进行汇总数据的合作努力。

A body of pathological and clinical evidence supports the position that the fallopian tube is the site of origin for a large proportion of high-grade serous ovarian cancers. Consequently, salpingectomy is now considered for permanent contraception (in lieu of tubal ligation) or ovarian cancer prevention (performed opportunistically at the time of surgical procedures for benign gynecologic conditions).To evaluate the association between salpingectomy and the risk of invasive epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, and peritoneal cancer.This population-based retrospective cohort study included all women aged 18 to 80 years who were eligible for health care services in Ontario, Canada. Participants were identified using administrative health databases from Ontario between January 1, 1992, and December 31, 2019. A total of 131 516 women were included in the primary (matched) analysis. Women were followed up until December 31, 2021.Salpingectomy (with and without hysterectomy) vs no pelvic procedure (control condition) among women in the general population.Women with a unilateral or bilateral salpingectomy in Ontario between April 1, 1992, and December 31, 2019, were matched 1:3 to women with no pelvic procedure from the general population. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for ovarian, fallopian tube, and peritoneal cancer combined.Among 131 516 women (mean [SD] age, 42.2 [7.6] years), 32 879 underwent a unilateral or bilateral salpingectomy, and 98 637 did not undergo a pelvic procedure. After a mean (range) follow-up of 7.4 (0-29.2) years in the salpingectomy group and 7.5 (0-29.2) years in the nonsurgical control group, there were 31 incident cancers (0.09%) and 117 incident cancers (0.12%), respectively (HR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.55-1.21). The HR for cancer incidence was 0.87 (95% CI, 0.53-1.44) when comparing those with salpingectomy vs those with hysterectomy alone.In this cohort study, no association was found between salpingectomy and the risk of ovarian cancer; however, this observation was based on few incident cases and a relatively short follow-up time. Studies with additional years of follow-up are necessary to define the true level of potential risk reduction with salpingectomy, although longer follow-up will also be a challenge unless collaborative efforts that pool data are undertaken.