近年来，具有可编程光学响应的纳米材料以及它们调控由外源光源引发的光热效应的能力，已将表面等离子体光热疗法（PPTT）提升为治疗多种恶性肿瘤的首选治疗方法。然而，近红外一区（NIR-I）光的渗透深度较低，并且在PPTT中需要将人体暴露在高激光功率密度下，这限制了其在临床癌症治疗中的应用。迄今为止，大多数报道的纳米结构仅在NIR-I区域表现出有限的性能，其问题包括使用强激光、需要大量的纳米材料或需要长时间暴露以实现癌症光热疗法的最佳加热状态。为了克服表面等离子体纳米材料的这些缺点，我们报道了一种双金属钯纳米囊（Pd Ncap），其核心为实心金珠，外壳为薄型钯纳米孔壳，并在NIR-I区和NIR-II区都表现出消光效果，适用于用于癌症治疗的PPTT应用。Pd Ncap在NIR-II（1064 nm）波长区域以极低的激光功率密度0.5 W/cm2展示了出色的光热稳定性，其光热转换效率约为49%。纳米囊进一步通过赫塞汀（Pd Ncap-Her）进行表面功能化，以靶向乳腺癌细胞系SK-BR-3，并利用NIR-II光进行体外PPTT应用。Pd Ncap-Her在浓度仅为50 μg/mL和激光功率密度为0.5 W/cm2的情况下，引起了超过98%的细胞死亡，其输出功率仅为100 mW。流式细胞术和显微镜分析显示，Pd Ncap-Her在PPTT过程中诱导了经过处理的癌细胞凋亡。此外，发现Pd Ncap具有清除活性氧（ROS）的能力，这有望减少光热疗法期间产生的ROS对细胞或组织的损害。此外，Pd Ncap在体内表现出优异的生物相容性，并且在小鼠体内对肿瘤具有高度损伤效果。由于在极低的纳米颗粒浓度和激光功率密度下具有高光热转换和杀伤效率，该纳米结构可以作为一种有效的光治疗剂用于不同癌症的治疗，并具有保护ROS能力。

Recent developments in nanomaterials with programmable optical responses and their capacity to modulate the photothermal effect induced by an extrinsic source of light have elevated plasmonic photothermal therapy (PPTT) to the status of a favored treatment for a variety of malignancies. However, the low penetration depth of near-infrared-I (NIR-I) lights and the need to expose the human body to a high laser power density in PPTT have restricted its clinical translation for cancer therapy. Most nanostructures reported to date exhibit limited performance due to (i) activity only in the NIR-I region, (ii) the use of intense laser, (iii) need of large concentration of nanomaterials, or (iv) prolonged exposure times to achieve the optimal hyperthermia state for cancer phototherapy. To overcome these shortcomings in plasmonic nanomaterials, we report a bimetallic palladium nanocapsule (Pd Ncap)─with a solid gold bead as its core and a thin, perforated palladium shell─with extinction both in the NIR-I as well as the NIR-II region for PPTT applications toward cancer therapy. The Pd Ncap demonstrated exceptional photothermal stability with a photothermal conversion efficiency of ∼49% at the NIR-II (1064 nm) wavelength region at a very low laser power density of 0.5 W/cm2. The nanocapsules were further surface-functionalized with Herceptin (Pd Ncap-Her) to target the breast cancer cell line SK-BR-3 and exploited for in vitro PPTT applications using NIR-II light. Pd Ncap-Her caused more than 98% cell death at a concentration of just 50 μg/mL and a laser power density of 0.5 W/cm2 with an output power of only 100 mW. Flow cytometric and microscopic analyses revealed that Pd Ncap-Her-induced apoptosis in the treated cancer cells during PPTT. Additionally, Pd Ncaps were found to have reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging ability, which can potentially reduce the damage to cells or tissues from ROS produced during PPTT. Also, Pd Ncap demonstrated excellent in vivo biocompatibility and was highly efficient in photothermally ablating tumors in mice. With a high photothermal conversion and killing efficiency at very low nanoparticle concentrations and laser power densities, the current nanostructure can operate as an effective phototherapeutic agent for the treatment of different cancers with ROS-protecting ability.