多样化的可调控物理化学特性的纳米系统已成为全球性毁灭性癌症的潜在解决方案，为改进癌症检测、成像、治疗、诊断、药物传递和治疗技术提供了新的可能性。基于能够穿越不同生物屏障的纳米颗粒（NPs）的药物传递系统正越来越受欢迎。此外，NPs被用于药学科学中以减轻传统癌症治疗药物的毒性。然而，显著的NPs相关毒性、非靶标活性和低生物相容性限制了它们在癌症治疗学中的应用，并可能对癌症患者造成危及生命的情况。NPs与生物分子相互作用，通过在细胞内聚集并形成蛋白质晕轮扰乱其正常功能，从而导致药物配方在控制癌细胞生长方面失效。NPs与生物实体之间的不良相互作用可能导致危及生命的毒性。本综述重点介绍了广泛使用的包括氧化锌、氧化钛、银和金在内的各种NPs，在癌症治疗中作为高效纳米载体的显著药动学和药效学优势。随后，阐述了与这些NPs相关的纳米毒性机制、替代解决方案以及它们改变癌症治疗学前景的可能性。本综述将为未来与高性能NPs相关的有控制毒性的发展提供指导，以将其建立为管理癌症的现代纳米工具。版权所有 © 2023. 由Elsevier Inc.出版。

Diversified nanosystems with tunable physicochemical attributes have emerged as potential solution to globally devastating cancer by offering novel possibilities for improving the techniques of cancer detection, imaging, therapies, diagnosis, drug delivery and treatment. Drug delivery systems based on nanoparticles (NPs) with ability of crossing different biological barriers are becoming increasingly popular. Besides, NPs are utilized in pharmaceutical sciences to mitigate the toxicity of conventional cancer therapeutics. However, significant NPs-associated toxicity, off-targeted activities, and low biocompatibility limit their utilization for cancer theranostics and can be hazardous to cancer patients up to life-threatening conditions. NPs interact with the biomolecules and disturb their regular function by aggregating inside cells and forming a protein corona, and the formulation turns ineffective in controlling cancer cell growth. The adverse interactions between NPs and biological entities can lead to life-threatening toxicities. This review focuses on the widespread use of various NPs including zinc oxide, titanium oxide, silver, and gold, which serve as efficient nano-vehicles and demonstrate notable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic advantages in cancer therapy. Subsequently, the mechanism of nanotoxicity attached with these NPs, alternate solutions and their prospect to revolutionize cancer theranostics are highlighted. This review will serve as guide for future developments associated with high-performance NPs with controlled toxicity for establishing them as modern-age nanotools to manage cancer in tailored manner.Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Inc.