结直肠癌（CRC）是全球发生最频繁的恶性肿瘤。然而，通过早期诊断、选择最有效的治疗、观察治疗成功情况以及及早诊断复发，CRC的死亡率可以降低。为了完善诊断、治疗和预防策略，并确保在管理特定CRC病例时做出适当决策，需要对导致CRC发展的遗传和表观遗传因素进行全面分析。利用循环标记的液体活检方法已证明其作为检测与各种癌症相关的分子路径变化的工具具有良好性能。在本综述中，我们试图简要介绍在CRC中基于循环DNA和RNA标记物的发展主要趋势，如与癌症相关的DNA突变、DNA甲基化变化以及非编码RNA表达转变。注意力集中在现有的循环核酸基因组学标记物，以及它们在临床实践中的应用可能性和未来的改进上。描述了发现和验证新标记的方法，并着重介绍了现有问题及其潜在解决方案。

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most frequently occurring malignancy in the world. However, the mortality from CRC can be reduced through early diagnostics, selection of the most effective treatment, observation of the therapy success, and the earliest possible diagnosis of recurrences. A comprehensive analysis of genetic and epigenetic factors contributing to the CRC development is needed to refine diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventive strategies and to ensure appropriate decision making in managing specific CRC cases. The liquid biopsy approach utilizing circulating markers has demonstrated its good performance as a tool to detect the changes in the molecular pathways associated with various cancers. In this review, we attempted to brief the main tendencies in the development of circulating DNA and RNA-based markers in CRC such as cancer-associated DNA mutations, DNA methylation changes, and non-coding RNA expression shifts. Attention is devoted to the existing circulating nucleic acid-based CRC markers, the possibility of their application in clinical practice today, and their future improvement. Approaches to the discovery and verification of new markers are described, and the existing problems and potential solutions for them are highlighted.