鱼骨经Monascus purpureus (简称FBF)发酵后富含总酚和功能性氨基酸，具有抗氧化和抗炎性质。 结直肠癌是全球最常见的癌症之一，也是第三大致死原因，对全球健康构成了严重威胁。本研究调查了FBF（1、2.5或5 mg/mL）对HCT-116细胞增殖和细胞分子机制的抗癌作用。结果显示，使用2.5或5 mg/mL的FBF处理HCT-116细胞24小时，细胞存活率显著降低（p < 0.05），细胞S和G2/M期显著增加（分别为88-105%和25-43%，p < 0.05）。此外，FBF可导致HCT-116细胞mRNA表达caspase 8增加（38-77%），蛋白表达caspase 3（34-94%），poly (ADP-核糖) 聚合酶（PARP）（31-34%），诱导HCT-116细胞的凋亡（236-773%）（p < 0.05）。此外，FBF还增加了微管相关蛋白1B轻链3（LC3）（38-48%）和磷酸肌醇3激酶类III（PI3K III）（32-53%）的蛋白表达，从而诱导HCT-116细胞的自噬（26-52%）（p < 0.05）。这些结果表明，FBF通过诱导细胞周期S和G2/M期逮捕、诱导凋亡和自噬来抑制HCT-116细胞生长，具有治疗结直肠癌的潜力。

Fish bone fermented using Monascus purpureus (FBF) has total phenols and functional amino acids that contribute to its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Colorectal cancer, one of the most prevalent cancers and the third largest cause of death worldwide, has become a serious threat to global health. This study investigates the anti-cancer effects of FBF (1, 2.5 or 5 mg/mL) on the cell growth and molecular mechanism of HCT-116 cells. The HCT-116 cell treatment with 2.5 or 5 mg/mL of FBF for 24 h significantly decreased cell viability (p < 0.05). The S and G2/M phases significantly increased by 88-105% and 25-43%, respectively (p < 0.05). Additionally, FBF increased the mRNA expression of caspase 8 (38-77%), protein expression of caspase 3 (34-94%), poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) (31-34%) and induced apoptosis (236-773%) of HCT-116 cells (p < 0.05). FBF also increased microtubule-associated protein 1B light chain 3 (LC3) (38-48%) and phosphoinositide 3 kinase class III (PI3K III) (32-53%) protein expression, thereby inducing autophagy (26-52%) of HCT-116 cells (p < 0.05). These results showed that FBF could inhibit HCT-116 cell growth by inducing S and G2/M phase arrest of the cell cycle, apoptosis and autophagy. Thus, FBF has the potential to treat colorectal cancer.