非传染性疾病已成为公共健康的主要威胁，心血管疾病（CVDs）和癌症是每年的前两个死因。我们的目标是评估红肉和加工肉摄入对死亡风险的影响以及体力活动对死亡风险的影响之间的平衡关联性，其中死亡风险包括所有原因、CVDs和癌症。我们检索了电子数据库，包括PubMed、ISI Web of Science、Embase和Cochrane图书馆，以获取有关红肉和加工肉摄入、步行和肌肉强化活动（MSA）与死亡风险之间关联的前瞻性研究的风险估计数据。我们从原始研究中提取了全面调整的效应估计数据，并使用固定效应模型和随机效应模型进行了汇总分析。常规的荟萃分析显示红肉和加工肉与死亡风险呈正相关，每天行走步数和MSA与死亡风险呈负相关。进一步的剂量-反应关系分析显示，从每周39.5分钟的MSA或每日4100步的风险减少（20%）等同于从每日红肉摄入103.4克或加工肉摄入50克的全部死亡风险增加。当每天步数增加时，风险进一步降低，但当MSA超过阈值（39.5分钟/周）时，风险会逆转。遵循体力活动是降低由于肉类摄入引起的死亡风险的有效途径。然而，应控制红肉和加工肉的总摄入量，尤其是后者。步行被推荐作为主要的日常体力活动选择，而当时间有限时，MSA是首选，但应注意长时间的MSA不会提供额外的益处。

Non-communicable diseases have become a major threat to public health, with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and cancer being the top two causes of death each year.Our objective is to evaluate the balanced association between the effect of red and processed meat intake on the risk of death and the effect of physical activity on the risk of mortality, where the risk of death includes all causes, CVDs, and cancers.We searched electronic databases, including PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library, for prospective studies reporting risk estimates for the association between the intake of red and processed meat, walking, and muscle-strengthening activity (MSA) and the risk of mortality from all causes, CVDs, and cancer. We extracted fully adjusted effect estimates from original studies and performed a summary analysis using the fixed and random-effect models.A conventional meta-analysis showed that red meat and processed meat were positively associated with the risk of mortality, and daily steps and MSA were negatively associated with the risk of death. Further analysis of the dose-response relationship showed that a risk reduction (20%) from 39.5 min/week of MSA or 4100 steps/d was equivalent to an increased risk of all-cause mortality from a daily intake of 103.4 g/d of red meat or 50 g/d of processed meat. The risk was further decreased as the number of steps per day increased, but the risk reversed when the MSA exceeded the threshold (39.5 min/week).Adherence to physical activity is an effective way to reduce the risk of mortality due to meat intake. However, the total intake of red meat and processed meat should be controlled, especially the latter. Walking is recommended as the main daily physical activity of choice, while MSAs are preferred when time is limited, but it should be noted that longer MSAs do not provide additional benefits.