本研究旨在探讨新辅助治疗（NAT）对晚期食管癌患者血清相关指标和预后的影响。将400例食管癌患者分为对照组（295例，仅行根治性食管癌切除术）和研究组（105例，行NAT及根治性食管癌切除术）。检测治疗前后血清中的碳水化合物抗原19-9（CA19-9）、癌胚抗原（CEA）和细胞角蛋白19片段抗原21-1（CYFRA21-1）、程序性死亡-1（PD-1）、PD-2、转化生长因子-β1（TGF-β1）和鳞状细胞癌（SCC）抗原水平。随访持续3年，采用QLQ-OES24评估生活质量（QoL），比较复发率、复发时间、总生存率（SR）、无病生存率和并发症率。与对照组相比，研究组血清CA19-9、CEA、CYFRA21-1、PD-1、PD-2、TGF-β1和SCC水平降低，QoL评分3年后增加，复发时间延长（P<0.05）。两组的R0切除率、复发率、3年总体SR和无病SR分别为67.12% vs 85.71%、21.36% vs 6.67%、56.27% vs 77.14%、29.83% vs 45.71%（P<0.05）。两组的并发症率分别为32.54%和29.52%（P>0.05）。NAT加根治性食管癌切除术可有效降低晚期食管癌患者血清肿瘤标志物水平，减少术后复发率，改善生活质量和SR，具有较高的安全性。

It was to explore the effect of neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) on serum-related indicators and prognosis of patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer (EC). 400 EC patients were grouped as controls (295 cases, radical EC resection alone) and research group (105 cases, NAT plus radical EC resection). The levels of serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and cytokeratin 19 fragment antigen 21-1 (CYFRA21-1), programmed death-1 (PD-1), PD-2, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) antigen were detected before and after treatment. The follow-up lasted for 3 years. The quality of life (QoL) was evaluated by QLQ-OES24. The recurrence rate, recurrence time, overall survival rate (SR), disease-free SR, and complication rate were compared. Compared with controls, the levels of serum CA19-9, CEA, CYFRA21-1, PD-1, PD-2, TGF-β1, and SCC were decreased, the QoL score was increased 3 years post-treatment, and the recurrence time was prolonged in the research group (P<0.05). The R0 resection rate, recurrence rate, 3-year overall SR, and disease-free SR of the two groups were 67.12% vs 85.71%, 21.36% vs 6.67%, 56.27% vs 77.14%, 29.83% vs 45.71%, respectively (P<0.05). The complication rates of the two groups were 32.54% and 29.52%, respectively (P>0.05). NAT plus radical resection of EC can effectively reduce the level of serum oncology markers in patients with locally advanced EC, reduce the postoperative recurrence rate, improve QoL and SR, and has high safety.