长链非编码RNA（lncRNA）是一组日益扩大的顺式／反式调控RNA基因，其数量超过了蛋白编码基因。尽管被越来越多地发现，但大多数lncRNA在多样的生物条件下的功能作用尚未定义。越来越多的证据支持lncRNA在包括流感、肝炎、冠状病毒和人类免疫缺陷病毒在内的各种病毒感染的产生、调控和进展中起关键作用。因此，鉴定出具有特征性的lncRNA将有助于对它们在感染过程中的靶点和调控机制进行重点分析。为此，我们编制了2803个在各种哺乳动物细胞中被33种病毒株调控的lncRNA，并通过名为VirhostlncR（http://ciods.in/VirhostlncR/）的资源提供。VirhostlncR集成了有关每种病毒株的信息，包括感染程度、感染持续时间、宿主细胞名称和细胞类型、lncRNA表达折变以及它们的特异性鉴定方法。基于当前的数据集，我们报告了150个lncRNA的扰动，包括分化拮抗性非蛋白编码RNA（DANCR）、转移相关肺腺癌转录本1（MALAT1）、母源性表达基因3（MEG3）、核副小体总装转录本1（NEAT1）和浆细胞瘤变异易位转录1（PVT1），它们受到两种或更多病毒的干扰。通过对病毒蛋白与人类转录因子（TFs）或含有TF的蛋白复合物的相互作用进行分析，发现不同的病毒可以通过多种蛋白复合物对许多这些lncRNA进行转录调控。综上所述，我们相信当前的数据集将能够优先选择lncRNA以鉴定它们的靶点，并作为分析病毒感染中非编码RNA调控的有效平台。版权所有 © 2023. 由Elsevier公司出版。

Long non-coding-RNAs (lncRNAs) are an expanding set of cis-/trans-regulatory RNA genes that outnumber the protein-coding genes. Although being increasingly discovered, the functional role of the majority of lncRNAs in diverse biological conditions is undefined. Increasing evidence supports the critical role of lncRNAs in the emergence, regulation, and progression of various viral infections including influenza, hepatitis, coronavirus, and human immunodeficiency virus. Hence, the identification of signature lncRNAs would facilitate focused analysis of their functional roles accounting for their targets and regulatory mechanisms associated with infections. Towards this, we compiled 2803 lncRNAs identified to be modulated by 33 viral strains in various mammalian cell types and are provided through the resource named VirhostlncR (http://ciods.in/VirhostlncR/). The information on each of the viral strains, their multiplicity of infection, duration of infection, host cell name and cell types, fold change of lncRNA expression, and their specific identification methods are integrated into VirhostlncR. Based on the current datasets, we report 150 lncRNAs including differentiation antagonizing non-protein coding RNA (DANCR), metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1), maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3), nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1), and plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) to be perturbed by two or more viruses. Analysis of viral protein interactions with human transcription factors (TFs) or TF-containing protein complexes identified that distinct viruses can transcriptionally regulate many of these lncRNAs through multiple protein complexes. Together, we believe that the current dataset will enable priority selection of lncRNAs for identification of their targets and serve as an effective platform for the analysis of noncoding RNA-mediated regulations in viral infections.Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Ltd.