癌症成像是一个迅速发展的领域，因为发现了新的分子靶点并提供了相应的技术来高精度、高准确度和高灵敏度地检测它们。核医学是目前最广泛使用的分子成像技术，并已经拥有一个不断增长的工具箱，用于非侵入性地实现全身肿瘤的可视化、分期和治疗监测。手术室需要类似的成像功能，这导致荧光引导手术（FGS）作为一种强大的技术出现，使外科医生具备了区分肿瘤和健康组织的前所未有的能力。虽然已经采用了多种策略为FGS开发对比剂，但使用放射性药物作为模型具有显著的转化潜力，并日益得到探索。本文回顾了用于将临床使用的放射性药物转化为荧光和多模态对应物的策略。还讨论了基于放射性药物的药剂设计带来的独特的临床和临床前能力，以阐明这种方法的优势。 版权所有©2023 Elsevier Ltd. 保留所有权利。

Cancer imaging is a rapidly evolving field due to the discovery of novel molecular targets and the availability of corresponding techniques to detect them with high precision, accuracy, and sensitivity. Nuclear medicine is the most widely used molecular imaging modality and has a growing toolkit of clinically used radiopharmaceuticals that enable whole-body tumor visualization, staging, and treatment monitoring for a variety of tumors in a non-invasive manner. The need for similar imaging capabilities in the operating room has led to the emergence of fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) as a powerful technique that gives surgeons unprecedented ability to distinguish tumors from healthy tissues. While a variety of strategies have been used to develop contrast agents for FGS, the use of radiopharmaceuticals as models brings exceptional translational potential and has increasingly been explored. Here, we review strategies used to convert clinically used radiopharmaceuticals into fluorescent and multimodal counterparts. Unique preclinical and clinical capabilities stemming from radiopharmaceutical-based agent design are also discussed to illustrate the advantages of this approach.Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.