细胞毒性化疗、放疗和靶向治疗经常引发细胞凋亡的肿瘤细胞死亡。线粒体外膜通透性增加（MOMP）是这一凋亡途径中的关键调控步骤。在治疗后幸存的残留癌细胞成为随后复发的种子，通常以其对多种治疗手段的暂时耐受性为特征。新研究表明，在这些细胞中，存在着MOMP的亚致死程度，反映了不完全凋亡承诺的局面。在本文中，我们回顾了最近的证据，认为这种亚致死MOMP驱动残余癌细胞的侵袭性特征，同时给出了一系列独特脆弱性的模板，突出了失败的凋亡如何出人意料地提供了针对残余疾病（RD）的新治疗策略的能力。版权所有© 2023 Elsevier Ltd. 保留所有权利。

Cytotoxic chemo-, radio-, and targeted therapies frequently elicit apoptotic cancer cell death. Mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) is a critical, regulated step in this apoptotic pathway. The residual cancer cells that survive treatment serve as the seeds of eventual relapse and are often functionally characterized by their transient tolerance of multiple therapeutic treatments. New studies suggest that, in these cells, a sublethal degree of MOMP, reflective of incomplete apoptotic commitment, is widely observed. Here, we review recent evidence that this sublethal MOMP drives the aggressive features of residual cancer cells while templating a host of unique vulnerabilities, highlighting how failed apoptosis may counterintuitively enable new therapeutic strategies to target residual disease (RD).Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.