为了研究COVID-19相关的中枢神经系统（CNS）并发症的临床表现、治疗和预后，在这项单中心观察研究中，我们招募了2022年12月至2023年2月期间，在中山大学附属第八医院神经科住院部就诊的COVID-19相关CNS并发症患者。我们对患者的人口统计学特征、临床表现、脑脊液性质、脑电图特征、神经影像学特征和治疗结果进行了分析。所有患者在出院后1个月和2个月进行了随访，直至2023年4月。 在12名COVID-19相关的CNS并发症患者中，CNS症状发生在SARS-CoV-2感染后的0天至4周之间。最常见的CNS症状是记忆障碍（4/12，33%）、不响应性（4/12，33%）和精神行为障碍（4/12，33%）。12例中有7例可归类为可能的SARS-CoV-2脑炎，5例可描述为脑干脑炎、急性播散性脑脊髓炎、视神经炎、多发性硬化或与SARS-CoV-2感染可能相关的震颤。6名患者接受了抗病毒治疗，11名患者接受了糖皮质激素治疗，其中3名患者同时接受了人免疫球蛋白治疗。9名患者康复良好，2名患者有残余神经功能障碍，1名患者因与肿瘤相关的并发症而去世。 在这项观察性研究中，我们发现炎症或与免疫相关并发症是COVID-19相关CNS并发症的相对常见表现，包括不同表型的脑炎和CNS炎性脱髓鞘疾病。大多数患者康复良好，但也有少数患者残留明显的神经功能障碍。 ©2023年。作者（们）。

To investigate the clinical manifestations, treatment and prognosis of COVID-19-associated central nervous system (CNS) complications.In this single-centre observation study, we recruited patients with COVID-19-associated CNS complications at the neurology inpatient department of the Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University (Futian, Shenzhen) from Dec 2022 to Feb 2023. Patients were analysed for demographics, clinical manifestations, cerebrospinal fluid properties, electroencephalographic features, neuroimaging characteristics, and treatment outcome. All patients were followed-up at 1 and 2 months after discharge until Apr 2023.Of the 12 patients with COVID-19-associated CNS complications, the CNS symptoms occur between 0 days and 4 weeks after SARS-CoV-2 infection. The most common CNS symptoms were memory deficits (4/12, 33%), Unresponsiveness (4/12, 33%), mental and behavioural disorders (4/12, 33%). Seven of 12 cases can be categorized as probable SARS-CoV-2 encephalitis, and 5 cases can be described as brainstem encephalitis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, optic neuritis, multiple sclerosis or tremor probably associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Six patients received antiviral therapy, and 11 patients received glucocorticoid therapy, of which 3 patients received human immunoglobulin synchronously. Nine patients recovered well, two patients had residual neurological dysfunction, and one patient passed away from complications associated with tumor.In this observational study, we found that the inflammatory or immune-related complications were relatively common manifestations of COVID-19-associated CNS complications, including different phenotypes of encephalitis and CNS inflammatory demyelinating diseases. Most patients recovered well, but a few patients had significant neurological dysfunctions remaining.© 2023. The Author(s).