恶性肿瘤拥有独特的肿瘤微环境（TME），其中包括轻度酸性、低氧、过表达的活性氧（ROS）和高谷胱甘肽（GSH）水平等。最近，TME调控方法在肿瘤免疫治疗中引起了广泛关注。纳米颗粒作为药物传递系统具有调节药物亲水性以影响肿瘤中的药物摄取和外流的能力。特别是，金属纳米颗粒由于其独特的物理性质和精细设计，在肿瘤免疫治疗中被广泛应用。然而，金属纳米颗粒由于其低生物降解性、毒性和治疗副作用的潜在缺陷限制了其临床应用。在本综述中，我们简要介绍了TME的特征特点以及用于肿瘤免疫治疗的响应性金属纳米颗粒的最新进展。此外，纳米颗粒还可以与其他治疗方法（如化疗、放疗和光动力疗法）结合使用。最后，我们讨论了提高抗肿瘤免疫治疗效率、降低副作用和金属纳米颗粒的潜在风险所面临的挑战和展望。 版权所有 © 2023 杨、陈、王、张、郑、杨和朱。

Malignant tumors have a unique tumor microenvironment (TME), which includes mild acidity, hypoxia, overexpressed reactive oxygen species (ROS), and high glutathione (GSH) levels, among others. Recently, TME regulation approaches have attracted widespread attention in cancer immunotherapy. Nanoparticles as drug delivery systems have ability to modulate the hydrophilicity of drugs to affect drug uptake and efflux in tumor. Especially, the metal nanoparticles have been extensive applied for tumor immunotherapy due to their unique physical properties and elaborate design. However, the potential deficiencies of metal nanoparticles due to their low biodegradability, toxicity and treatment side effects restrict their clinical application. In this review, we briefly introduce the feature characteristics of the TME and the recent advances in tumor microenvironment responsive metal nanoparticles for tumor immunotherapy. In addition, nanoparticles could be combined with other treatments, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy and photodynamic therapy also is presented. Finally, the challenges and outlook for improving the antitumor immunotherapy efficiency, side effect and potential risks of metal nanoparticles has been discussed.Copyright © 2023 Yang, Chen, Wang, Zhang, Zheng, Yang and Zhu.