细胞外囊泡（EVs）是许多细胞类型分泌的小颗粒，在几乎所有体液中循环，并作为细胞间通信的重要信使。EVs参与了多个生理和病理过程，包括通过它们的多种载体促进肿瘤进展。因此，EVs已成为治疗肿瘤（包括黑色素瘤）的有吸引力候选对象。值得注意的是，由于肿瘤微环境（TME）在促进肿瘤恶性表型方面的关键作用，以及TME中的密切细胞间通信，通过靶向TME的EVs治疗已成为抑制黑色素瘤进展和增强抗肿瘤免疫的前沿和有前景的策略。在本综述中，我们旨在总结和讨论治疗性EVs在黑色素瘤中靶向TME成分的作用，从而为治疗黑色素瘤患者的这些有前途的临床策略提供深入见解。版权所有 © 2023 Li 和 Liu。

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small particles secreted by numerous cell types and circulate in almost all body fluids, acting as crucial messengers for cell-to-cell communication. EVs involves multiple physiological and pathological processes, including tumor progression, via their multiple cargoes. Therefore, EVs have become attractive candidates for the treatment of tumor, including melanoma. Notably, due to the crucial role of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in promoting tumor malignant phenotype, and the close intercellular communication in TME, EVs-based therapy by targeting TME has become a cutting-edge and prospective strategy for inhibiting melanoma progression and strengthening the anti-tumor immunity. In this review, we aimed to summarize and discuss the role of therapeutic EVs, which target the components of TME in melanoma, thereby providing insights into these promising clinical strategies for the treatment of melanoma patients.Copyright © 2023 Li and Liu.