癌症的发病率和死亡率逐渐上升。肿瘤细胞高度侵袭和转移增加了诊断和治疗的难度，因此人们对癌症的诊断和治疗越来越关注。传统治疗方法，包括手术、放射治疗和化疗，难以完全清除肿瘤细胞。纳米技术的出现提高了肿瘤诊断和治疗的效率。在此，回顾了纳米技术在肿瘤诊断和治疗中的研究进展，并总结和展望了新兴的检测技术和纳米药物在临床的应用。第一部分介绍了不同纳米材料在体内成像和体外检测中的应用，包括磁共振成像、荧光成像、光声成像和生物标志物检测。纳米材料的独特物理和化学优势可以提高检测的敏感性和准确性，实现早期肿瘤检测。第二部分介绍了在临床中用于肿瘤治疗的纳米药物。纳米材料广泛应用于药物载体，包括白蛋白紫杉醇、脂质体药物、mRNA-LNP、蛋白纳米笼、胶束、膜纳米复合物、微球等，可以通过增强渗透性和滞留效应提高药物在肿瘤组织中的积累，以高效杀灭肿瘤细胞。但是，基于纳米技术革命传统肿瘤诊断和抗药性仍然存在一些挑战。版权所有©2023杨，林，孙，张，郭和李。

The incidence and mortality of cancer are gradually increasing. The highly invasive and metastasis of tumor cells increase the difficulty of diagnosis and treatment, so people pay more and more attention to the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Conventional treatment methods, including surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, are difficult to eliminate tumor cells completely. And the emergence of nanotechnology has boosted the efficiency of tumor diagnosis and therapy. Herein, the research progress of nanotechnology used for tumor diagnosis and treatment is reviewed, and the emerging detection technology and the application of nanodrugs in clinic are summarized and prospected. The first part refers to the application of different nanomaterials for imaging in vivo and detection in vitro, which includes magnetic resonance imaging, fluorescence imaging, photoacoustic imaging and biomarker detection. The distinctive physical and chemical advantages of nanomaterials can improve the detection sensitivity and accuracy to achieve tumor detection in early stage. The second part is about the nanodrug used in clinic for tumor treatment. Nanomaterials have been widely used as drug carriers, including the albumin paclitaxel, liposome drugs, mRNA-LNP, protein nanocages, micelles, membrane nanocomplexes, microspheres et al., which could improve the drug accumulate in tumor tissue through enhanced permeability and retention effect to kill tumor cells with high efficiency. But there are still some challenges to revolutionize traditional tumor diagnosis and anti-drug resistance based on nanotechnology.Copyright © 2023 Yang, Lin, Sun, Zhang, Guo and Li.