肝细胞癌（HCC）是一种全球发病率和癌症死亡率较高的常见恶性肿瘤。蛋白质的翻译后修饰对蛋白质功能具有重要影响。几乎所有蛋白质都可以经历翻译后修饰，包括磷酸化、乙酰化、甲基化、糖基化、泛素化等等。许多研究已经表明，翻译后修饰与癌症的发生和发展有关。这些发现为癌症提供了新的治疗靶点，如糖肽-3和粘液蛋白-1。其他与翻译后修饰相关的临床意义也已经在研究中发现。已经确定了其在诊断、预后价值以及对治疗的反应。在HCC中，已经证实糖基化的甲胎蛋白（AFP）对早期肝癌具有比传统AFP更高的检出率。在本综述中，我们主要关注翻译后修饰的诊断和预后价值，以便为HCC中翻译后修饰的临床意义提供新的见解。© 2023作者。

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignant tumor with high incidence and cancer mortality worldwide. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins have a great impact on protein function. Almost all proteins can undergo PTMs, including phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation, glycosylation, ubiquitination, and so on. Many studies have shown that PTMs are related to the occurrence and development of cancers. The findings provide novel therapeutic targets for cancers, such as glypican-3 and mucin-1. Other clinical implications are also found in the studies of PTMs. Diagnostic or prognostic value, and response to therapy have been identified. In HCC, it has been shown that glycosylated alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) has a higher detection rate for early liver cancer than conventional AFP. In this review, we mainly focused on the diagnostic and prognostic value of PTM, in order to provide new insights into the clinical implication of PTM in HCC.© 2023 Authors.