尽管妇科手术后出现的医源性神经损伤有时会被诊断出来，但其发病率被低估，因为大多数病例是自限性的且未被报道。本文报道了六例妇科手术后股神经损伤的病例，表现为感觉和运动神经病变。我们对2012年至2016年在我们中心接受妇科癌症手术（包括淋巴结清扫）的785名患者进行了回顾性分析。运动功能损害由骨科医生和物理治疗师根据医学研究委员会（Medical Research Council，MRC）评分标准进行术后评估和分级。符合资格条件的是由于神经损伤导致的3级或更低的髋关节屈曲和肌肉无力。如果已经诊断出孤立的感觉障碍，则将患者排除在外。 我们发现六例（0.76%）妇科手术导致的股神经运动神经病变。这六位患者均在髋关节屈曲体位下进行全身麻醉下经腹手术使用能量装置，并行硬膜外麻醉。其中四例在手术后8个月内通过物理治疗或无治疗完全康复，而另外两例在治疗后一年内死亡；因此，无法准确进行康复评估。 术后股神经损伤可据此诊断基于步态紊乱和攀爬楼梯困难。鉴于股神经损伤的风险因素可能涉及术中受压器械压迫、屈膝体位和能量装置的使用等组合特征，鉴此很难确定风险因素。医生应熟悉能量装置的性质，尽一切努力理解必需的解剖学知识，并尽一切努力避免股神经损伤。需进一步研究妇科手术引起的医源性股神经损伤与患者术后生活质量的关系。 © 2023作者单独授权给日本临床肿瘤学学会。Springer Nature或其许可方（如学会或其他合作伙伴）根据与作者或其他权利持有人的出版协议拥有本文章的专有权利；文章的作者自行存档的已接受稿版本仅受此类出版协议和适用法律约束。

Although iatrogenic nerve injury is sometimes diagnosed after gynecological surgery, its incidence is underestimated because most cases are self-limiting and underreported. Herein, we report on six cases of femoral nerve injury after gynecological surgery with both sensory and motor neuropathy.We retrospectively analyzed 785 patients with gynecological cancer requiring surgery, including lymph node dissection, between 2012 and 2016 at our center. The functional damage due to femoral nerve injury was postoperatively assessed and classified according to the Medical Research Council (MRC) scale by an orthopedist and a physiatrist. The eligibility criteria were grade 3 or less hip joint bending and muscular weakness due to nerve injury. Patients were excluded if they had been diagnosed with an isolated sensory disorder.We found six cases (0.76%) of femoral motor neuropathy resulting from gynecological surgery. All six patients underwent laparotomy using energy devices under general anesthesia with epidural anesthesia in the lithotomy position. Four of them recovered fully within 8 months from surgery with either physical therapy or no treatment, while the other two died within a year post-treatment; thus, recovery evaluation could not be accurately performed.Postoperative femoral nerve injury can be diagnosed based on gait disturbances and difficulties climbing stairs. It is difficult to identify risk factors for femoral nerve injury as they may involve a combination of features, such as intraoperative compression with self-retaining retractors, the lithotomy position, and the use of energy devices. The surgeon should be familiar with the nature of energy devices, make every effort to understand the necessary anatomy, and make every effort to avoid femoral nerve injury. Iatrogenic femoral nerve injury caused by gynecological surgery should be further investigated regarding the patients' quality of life postoperatively.© The Author(s) under exclusive licence to The Japan Society of Clinical Oncology 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.