多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）是生育年龄妇女最常见的内分泌紊乱疾病之一。患有PCOS的妇女可能面临不孕、子宫内膜癌、代谢紊乱和心血管疾病的风险。了解PCOS的迹象和症状可有效诊断早期PCOS并促进生活质量。本研究评估了学生和他们母亲对PCOS的认识。本横断面调查研究于2017年和2018年在伊朗首都德黑兰对1580名高中女生和480名母亲进行。我们采用分层抽样方法，将德黑兰划分为北、南、东、西、中五个地理区域，从每个区域随机选择学校。学生和母亲分别回答一份自填问卷，内容涉及他们对PCOS的知识。统计分析使用SPSS软件22版本（Inc. Chicago, IL, USA）和R软件3.2.1版本进行。学生的平均年龄为16.97±0.84岁，母亲的平均年龄为45.19±5.03岁。学生的平均体质指数（BMI）为22.01±5.54 kg/m2。本研究结果显示，只有48名学生（3.2%）和148名母亲（27%）对PCOS有可接受的认识。学生对PCOS的认识与他们母亲对PCOS的认识呈正相关（P<0.001）。伊朗妇女对PCOS的认识水平不足，这可能影响她们的生活质量。因此，卫生部门应实施教育项目，挑战妇女对PCOS的错误观念，增加她们对这种疾病的认识。

One of the most common endocrine disorders of reproductive age women is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Women with PCOS are at risk for infertility, endometrial cancer, metabolic disorders, and cardiovascular disease. Awareness of the signs and symptoms of PCOS can be effective in diagnosing early stage PCOS and promoting quality of life (QoL). This study assesses the awareness of PCOS in schoolgirls and their mothers.This cross-sectional study was carried out on 1580 high school girls and 480 of their mothers in Tehran (capital of Iran) in 2017 and 2018. We used the stratified sampling method and divided Tehran into five geographic regions: north, south, east, west, and central. Schools were randomly selected from each of these regions. Students and their mothers separately answered a self-administered questionnaire that pertained to their knowledge of PCOS. Statistical analyses were carried out with SPSS, version 22 (Inc. Chicago, IL, USA) and R version 3.2.1.Students had an average age of 16.97 ± 0.84 years and their mothers' average age was 45.19 ± 5.03 years. The average body mass index (BMI) of the students was 22.01 ± 5.54 kg/m2. The results of this study showed that only 48 students (3.2%) and 148 mothers (27%) had acceptable knowledge about PCOS. The knowledge of students about PCOS was positively related to their mothers' knowledge about PCOS (P<0.001).The level of PCOS awareness in Iranian women is insufficient and this may affect their QoL. Therefore, the health authorities should implement educational programs to challenge women's incorrect beliefs about PCOS and increase their awareness of this disease.