随着对氧化物种/自由基在疾病中作用的最近关注，研究人员广泛探讨了具有氧化还原活性的无机纳米材料在纳米医学中的潜在应用。虽然许多关注缓解氧化应激以预防病理发生和抑制疾病进展的研究取得了可观的成功，但使用纳米材料增加氧化应激来杀死恶性细胞的另一种方法在各种靶点中广泛适用性的情况下效率低下。化学动态疗法（CDT）是一种新兴技术，利用特征肿瘤微环境可实现高度选择性，可解决这一问题。在本综述中，我们总结了近期用于提高无机纳米颗粒的CDT性能的策略和潜在机制。除了CDT制剂的设计外，还介绍了肿瘤微环境中酸度、过氧化氢和抗氧化剂水平等贡献因素的影响及其在联合疗法中的调节和应用。最后，我们讨论了这种快速发展技术未来临床应用面临的挑战。

With the recent interest in the role of oxidative species/radicals in diseases, inorganic nanomaterials with redox activities have been extensively investigated for their potential use in nanomedicine. While many studies focusing on relieving oxidative stress to prevent pathogenesis and to suppress the progression of diseases have shown considerable success, another approach for increasing oxidative stress using nanomaterials to kill malignant cells has suffered from low efficiency despite its wide applicability to various targets. Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) is an emerging technique that can resolve such a problem by exploiting the characteristic tumour microenvironment to achieve high selectivity. In this review, we summarize the recent strategies and underlying mechanisms that have been used to improve the CDT performance using inorganic nanoparticles. In addition to the design of CDT agents, the effects of contributing factors, such as the acidity and the levels of hydrogen peroxide and antioxidants in the tumour microenvironment, together with their modulation and application in combination therapy, are presented. The challenges lying ahead of future clinical translation of this rapidly advancing technology are also discussed.