嵌合抗原受体（CAR）T细胞是目前最常见的一种方法，通过引导T细胞对抗癌症。然而，在将其作为恶性肿瘤的标准治疗之前，需要优化CAR T细胞以最小化副作用并最大化疗效。最近的研究已经充分记录了与CAR T细胞疗法相关的神经毒性作用。在这方面，已经存在着两种已建立的综合征。免疫效应细胞相关神经毒性综合征（ICANS），以前称为细胞因子释放脑病综合征（CRES），是一种在免疫效应细胞和T淋巴细胞治疗后可能发生的神经精神病状。另外，还存在一种叫做细胞因子释放综合征（CRS）的综合征，可能与ICANS有重叠。ICANS的临床表现包括脑水肿、轻度嗜睡、失语和抽搐。值得注意的是，ICANS与脑电图和神经影像学结果的变化有关。因此，通过临床表现、神经影像学和脑电图对CAR T细胞的神经并发症进行及时准确的诊断是必要的。由于不同CAR T细胞产品引起的神经事件是异质的，需要根据每个产品制定指南。在本文中，我们提供了CAR T细胞疗法及应用的一份最新综述，以及与其使用相关的神经综合征和导致ICANS的风险因素。

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell is among the most prevalent approaches that act by directing T-cells toward cancers; However, they need to be optimized to minimize side effects and maximize efficacy before being used as standard treatment for malignancies. Neurotoxicity associated with CAR T-cell therapy has been well-documented in recent works.In this regard, two established syndromes exist. Immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS), previously called cytokine release encephalopathy syndrome (CRES), is a neuropsychiatric condition which can occur after therapy by immune effector cell (IEC) and T-lymphocytes utilizing treatments. Also, another syndrome is cytokine release syndrome (CRS) which may overlap with ICANS.ICANS clinical manifestations include cerebral edema, mild lethargy, aphasia, and seizures. Notably, ICANS is associated with changes to EEG and neuroradiological findings. Therefore, it is necessary to make a timely and accurate diagnosis of neurological complications of CAR T-cells by clinical presentations, neuroimaging, and EEG. As neurological events by different CAR T-cell products are heterogeneous, guides should be developed according to each product. Here, we provide an updated review of general information on CAR T-cell therapies and applications, neurological syndromes associated with their use, and risk factors contributing to ICANS.